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ACT-English ACT Section One: English syllabus | [HOSTED-SITE]

ACT-English syllabus - ACT Section One: English Updated: 2024

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Exam Code: ACT-English ACT Section One: English syllabus January 2024 by Killexams.com team

ACT-English ACT Section One: English

Test Details:
- exam Name: ACT ACT-English ACT Section One: English
- exam Format: Multiple-choice questions
- exam Duration: 45 minutes
- Number of Questions: 75-80
- Passing Score: Varies (scaled score)
- Prerequisites: None
- exam Date: Offered multiple times throughout the year

Course Outline: ACT ACT-English ACT Section One: English

I. Usage and Mechanics
A. Punctuation (commas, apostrophes, semicolons, colons, etc.)
B. Grammar and sentence structure
C. Capitalization and punctuation rules

II. Rhetorical Skills
A. Organization and Unity
B. Sentence Formation and Structure
C. Style and Tone

III. Strategy and Approach
A. Time management and pacing strategies
B. Identifying main ideas and supporting details
C. Effective practicing and comprehension techniques

IV. Contextual Understanding
A. Identifying word choice and vocabulary usage
B. Recognizing the author's purpose and tone
C. Analyzing the relationships between different parts of a passage

Exam Objectives:
- Demonstrate knowledge of grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure rules
- Apply rhetorical skills in analyzing and improving sentence formation and structure
- Understand and apply strategies for effective practicing and comprehension
- Recognize and analyze word choice, tone, and author's purpose
- Evaluate the relationships between different parts of a passage for contextual understanding

Syllabus:
The syllabus for the ACT ACT-English ACT Section One: English course will cover the following topics:
- Usage and Mechanics, including punctuation, grammar, and capitalization
- Rhetorical Skills, focusing on organization, sentence formation, and style
- Strategy and Approach, including time management and effective practicing techniques
- Contextual Understanding, involving word choice, author's purpose, and passage analysis
ACT Section One: English
ACT Section Topics

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ACT Section One: English
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Question: 301
DIRECTIONS: In the passage below, certain phrases are underlined and numbered . The question will present
alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the
statement appropriate for standard written English, or is worded most consistently with the style and tone of the
passage as a whole. If you think the original version is the best, choose "NO CHANGE".
Industrial Revolution
[1] The Industrial Revolution was essentially a rapid change in the method of production of material goods. <1>
Products once made by hand were now able to be produced by machine or by chemical processes. The Industrial
Revolution transformed Western society, creating an international capitalist economy, urbanization, labor reforms, a
system to educate the public, <2> and labor specialization.
[2] (1) In the first century of the Industrial Revolution, the country undergoing the most dramatic change was
England. (2) After 1850, the Industrial Revolution spread rapidly <3> throughout Europe. (3) While the pace of
change during the Industrial Revolution was indeed very rapid, the Industrial Revolution itself stretched over a rather
long period of time from the middle of the 18th century in the 1700s <4> through World War I (1914).
[3] Several key discoveries and inventions enabled the Industrial Revolution to take place included <5> machines and
tools like the cotton gin, the radio, the circular saw, the cylindrical press, and the steam engine. Cement, dynamite, and
aluminum were invented, as were the bleaching and paper-making processes. At the same time, there was a
tremendous growth in population and urbanization. In fact, the population growth in England was so dramatic that the
countrys population doubled between 1750-1820. This meant a great demand for food, clothing, and shelter, demands
that became the driving force behind <6> the Industrial Revolution.
[4] Mass production of goods was made possible in large part due to <7> the steam engine. The steam engine enabled
factories to move from the countryside (where they were by bodies of water, their source of power) into cities and
towns, which were becoming increasingly crowded. <8> <6>:
A. NO CHANGE
B. which had become the driving force of
C. that forced the driving of
D. that drove the force behind
Answer: A
Explanation:
This choice presents the correct word order and conveys the correct idea.
Question: 302
DIRECTIONS: In the passage below, certain phrases are underlined and numbered . The question will present
alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the
statement appropriate for standard written English, or is worded most consistently with the style and tone of the
passage as a whole. If you think the original version is the best, choose "NO CHANGE".
Industrial Revolution
[1] The Industrial Revolution was essentially a rapid change in the method of production of material goods. <1>
Products once made by hand were now able to be produced by machine or by chemical processes. The Industrial
ACT-English.html[10/12/2021 4:17:10 PM]
Revolution transformed Western society, creating an international capitalist economy, urbanization, labor reforms, a
system to educate the public, <2> and labor specialization.
[2] (1) In the first century of the Industrial Revolution, the country undergoing the most dramatic change was
England. (2) After 1850, the Industrial Revolution spread rapidly <3> throughout Europe. (3) While the pace of
change during the Industrial Revolution was indeed very rapid, the Industrial Revolution itself stretched over a rather
long period of time from the middle of the 18th century in the 1700s <4> through World War I (1914).
[3] Several key discoveries and inventions enabled the Industrial Revolution to take place included <5> machines and
tools like the cotton gin, the radio, the circular saw, the cylindrical press, and the steam engine. Cement, dynamite, and
aluminum were invented, as were the bleaching and paper-making processes. At the same time, there was a
tremendous growth in population and urbanization. In fact, the population growth in England was so dramatic that the
countrys population doubled between 1750-1820. This meant a great demand for food, clothing, and shelter, demands
that became the driving force behind <6> the Industrial Revolution.
[4] Mass production of goods was made possible in large part due to <7> the steam engine. The steam engine enabled
factories to move from the countryside (where they were by bodies of water, their source of power) into cities and
towns, which were becoming increasingly crowded. <8> <5>:
A. NO CHANGE
B. place. These included
C. place. Thus including
D. place, including
Answer: D
Explanation:
This is the best choice. Choice B is grammatically correct, but D combines the sentences for greater sentence variety.
Question: 303
DIRECTIONS: In the passage below, certain phrases are underlined and numbered . The question will present
alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the
statement appropriate for standard written English, or is worded most consistently with the style and tone of the
passage as a whole. If you think the original version is the best, choose "NO CHANGE".
Industrial Revolution
[1] The Industrial Revolution was essentially a rapid change in the method of production of material goods. <1>
Products once made by hand were now able to be produced by machine or by chemical processes. The Industrial
Revolution transformed Western society, creating an international capitalist economy, urbanization, labor reforms, a
system to educate the public, <2> and labor specialization.
[2] (1) In the first century of the Industrial Revolution, the country undergoing the most dramatic change was
England. (2) After 1850, the Industrial Revolution spread rapidly <3> throughout Europe. (3) While the pace of
change during the Industrial Revolution was indeed very rapid, the Industrial Revolution itself stretched over a rather
long period of time from the middle of the 18th century in the 1700s <4> through World War I (1914).
[3] Several key discoveries and inventions enabled the Industrial Revolution to take place included <5> machines and
tools like the cotton gin, the radio, the circular saw, the cylindrical press, and the steam engine. Cement, dynamite, and
aluminum were invented, as were the bleaching and paper-making processes. At the same time, there was a
tremendous growth in population and urbanization. In fact, the population growth in England was so dramatic that the
countrys population doubled between 1750-1820. This meant a great demand for food, clothing, and shelter, demands
that became the driving force behind <6> the Industrial Revolution.
[4] Mass production of goods was made possible in large part due to <7> the steam engine. The steam engine enabled
factories to move from the countryside (where they were by bodies of water, their source of power) into cities and
towns, which were becoming increasingly crowded. <8> <4>:
A. NO CHANGE
B. from the middle of the century eighteen
C. from the mid-1700s
D. beginning in the middle of the 1700s, around 1750,
ACT-English.html[10/12/2021 4:17:10 PM]
Answer: C
Explanation:
This is the most concise choice. Choices A and D are redundant; choice B has improper word order.
Question: 304
DIRECTIONS: In the passage below, certain phrases are underlined and numbered . The question will present
alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the
statement appropriate for standard written English, or is worded most consistently with the style and tone of the
passage as a whole. If you think the original version is the best, choose "NO CHANGE".
Industrial Revolution
[1] The Industrial Revolution was essentially a rapid change in the method of production of material goods. <1>
Products once made by hand were now able to be produced by machine or by chemical processes. The Industrial
Revolution transformed Western society, creating an international capitalist economy, urbanization, labor reforms, a
system to educate the public, <2> and labor specialization.
[2] (1) In the first century of the Industrial Revolution, the country undergoing the most dramatic change was
England. (2) After 1850, the Industrial Revolution spread rapidly <3> throughout Europe. (3) While the pace of
change during the Industrial Revolution was indeed very rapid, the Industrial Revolution itself stretched over a rather
long period of time from the middle of the 18th century in the 1700s <4> through World War I (1914).
[3] Several key discoveries and inventions enabled the Industrial Revolution to take place included <5> machines and
tools like the cotton gin, the radio, the circular saw, the cylindrical press, and the steam engine. Cement, dynamite, and
aluminum were invented, as were the bleaching and paper-making processes. At the same time, there was a
tremendous growth in population and urbanization. In fact, the population growth in England was so dramatic that the
countrys population doubled between 1750-1820. This meant a great demand for food, clothing, and shelter, demands
that became the driving force behind <6> the Industrial Revolution.
[4] Mass production of goods was made possible in large part due to <7> the steam engine. The steam engine enabled
factories to move from the countryside (where they were by bodies of water, their source of power) into cities and
towns, which were becoming increasingly crowded. <8> <3>:
A. NO CHANGE
B. was quickly spreading
C. spread with great rapidity
D. spread fast
Answer: A
Explanation:
This is the most correct and concise choice.
Question: 305
DIRECTIONS: In the passage below, certain phrases are underlined and numbered . The question will present
alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the
statement appropriate for standard written English, or is worded most consistently with the style and tone of the
passage as a whole. If you think the original version is the best, choose "NO CHANGE".
Industrial Revolution
[1] The Industrial Revolution was essentially a rapid change in the method of production of material goods. <1>
Products once made by hand were now able to be produced by machine or by chemical processes. The Industrial
Revolution transformed Western society, creating an international capitalist economy, urbanization, labor reforms, a
system to educate the public, <2> and labor specialization.
[2] (1) In the first century of the Industrial Revolution, the country undergoing the most dramatic change was
ACT-English.html[10/12/2021 4:17:10 PM]
England. (2) After 1850, the Industrial Revolution spread rapidly <3> throughout Europe. (3) While the pace of
change during the Industrial Revolution was indeed very rapid, the Industrial Revolution itself stretched over a rather
long period of time from the middle of the 18th century in the 1700s <4> through World War I (1914).
[3] Several key discoveries and inventions enabled the Industrial Revolution to take place included <5> machines and
tools like the cotton gin, the radio, the circular saw, the cylindrical press, and the steam engine. Cement, dynamite, and
aluminum were invented, as were the bleaching and paper-making processes. At the same time, there was a
tremendous growth in population and urbanization. In fact, the population growth in England was so dramatic that the
countrys population doubled between 1750-1820. This meant a great demand for food, clothing, and shelter, demands
that became the driving force behind <6> the Industrial Revolution.
[4] Mass production of goods was made possible in large part due to <7> the steam engine. The steam engine enabled
factories to move from the countryside (where they were by bodies of water, their source of power) into cities and
towns, which were becoming increasingly crowded. <8> The most logical sequence for paragraph 2 is:
A. NO CHANGE
B. (2), (1), (3)
C. (3), (2), (1)
D. (3), (1), (2)
Answer: D
Explanation:
This is the most logical sequence: first, the sentence giving the overall timeline of the revolution, then the next two
sentences in chronological order.
Question: 306
DIRECTIONS: In the passage below, certain phrases are underlined and numbered . The question will present
alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the
statement appropriate for standard written English, or is worded most consistently with the style and tone of the
passage as a whole. If you think the original version is the best, choose "NO CHANGE".
Industrial Revolution
[1] The Industrial Revolution was essentially a rapid change in the method of production of material goods. <1>
Products once made by hand were now able to be produced by machine or by chemical processes. The Industrial
Revolution transformed Western society, creating an international capitalist economy, urbanization, labor reforms, a
system to educate the public, <2> and labor specialization.
[2] (1) In the first century of the Industrial Revolution, the country undergoing the most dramatic change was
England. (2) After 1850, the Industrial Revolution spread rapidly <3> throughout Europe. (3) While the pace of
change during the Industrial Revolution was indeed very rapid, the Industrial Revolution itself stretched over a rather
long period of time from the middle of the 18th century in the 1700s <4> through World War I (1914).
[3] Several key discoveries and inventions enabled the Industrial Revolution to take place included <5> machines and
tools like the cotton gin, the radio, the circular saw, the cylindrical press, and the steam engine. Cement, dynamite, and
aluminum were invented, as were the bleaching and paper-making processes. At the same time, there was a
tremendous growth in population and urbanization. In fact, the population growth in England was so dramatic that the
countrys population doubled between 1750-1820. This meant a great demand for food, clothing, and shelter, demands
that became the driving force behind <6> the Industrial Revolution.
[4] Mass production of goods was made possible in large part due to <7> the steam engine. The steam engine enabled
factories to move from the countryside (where they were by bodies of water, their source of power) into cities and
towns, which were becoming increasingly crowded. <8> <2>:
A. NO CHANGE
B. a public education system
C. systematizing education
D. public education
ACT-English.html[10/12/2021 4:17:10 PM]
Answer: B
Explanation:
This choice makes the sentence parallel.
Question: 307
DIRECTIONS: In the passage below, certain phrases are underlined and numbered . The question will present
alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the
statement appropriate for standard written English, or is worded most consistently with the style and tone of the
passage as a whole. If you think the original version is the best, choose "NO CHANGE".
Industrial Revolution
[1] The Industrial Revolution was essentially a rapid change in the method of production of material goods. <1>
Products once made by hand were now able to be produced by machine or by chemical processes. The Industrial
Revolution transformed Western society, creating an international capitalist economy, urbanization, labor reforms, a
system to educate the public, <2> and labor specialization.
[2] (1) In the first century of the Industrial Revolution, the country undergoing the most dramatic change was
England. (2) After 1850, the Industrial Revolution spread rapidly <3> throughout Europe. (3) While the pace of
change during the Industrial Revolution was indeed very rapid, the Industrial Revolution itself stretched over a rather
long period of time from the middle of the 18th century in the 1700s <4> through World War I (1914).
[3] Several key discoveries and inventions enabled the Industrial Revolution to take place included <5> machines and
tools like the cotton gin, the radio, the circular saw, the cylindrical press, and the steam engine. Cement, dynamite, and
aluminum were invented, as were the bleaching and paper-making processes. At the same time, there was a
tremendous growth in population and urbanization. In fact, the population growth in England was so dramatic that the
countrys population doubled between 1750-1820. This meant a great demand for food, clothing, and shelter, demands
that became the driving force behind <6> the Industrial Revolution.
[4] Mass production of goods was made possible in large part due to <7> the steam engine. The steam engine enabled
factories to move from the countryside (where they were by bodies of water, their source of power) into cities and
towns, which were becoming increasingly crowded. <8> The writer changed the underlined text <1> to in how
material goods were produced. The result is a sentence that is:
A. more dramatic
B. more concise
C. more complex
D. more accurate
Answer: B
Explanation:
This change would make the sentence more concise.
Question: 308
DIRECTIONS: In the passage below, certain phrases are underlined and numbered . The question will present
alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the
statement appropriate for standard written English, or is worded most consistently with the style and tone of the
passage as a whole. If you think the original version is the best, choose "NO CHANGE".
Bicycles
[1] (1) Today, bicycles are so common that its hard to believe they havent always been around. (2) But two hundred
years ago, bicycles werent even existing, <1> and the first bicycle, invented in Germany in 1818, was nothing like our
bicycles today it was made of wood and didnt even have pedals. (3) Since then, however, numerous innovations and
improvements in design have made the bicycle one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around
the world.
[2] (4) In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan a Scottish blacksmith, <2> dramatically improved upon the original bicycle
ACT-English.html[10/12/2021 4:17:10 PM]
design. (5) Macmillans machine had tires with iron rims to keep them from getting worn down. (6) He also used foot-
operated cranks similar to pedals so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. <3> (7) It hadnt looked <4> much
like a modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. (8) In 1861, the
French Michaux brothers took the evolution of the bicycle a step further by inventing an improved crank mechanism.
[3] (9) Ten years later, James Starley, an English inventor, revolutionized bicycle design. (10) He, made <5> the front
wheel many times larger than the back wheel, putting a gear on <6> the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient, and
lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. (11) Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was
still clumsy, extremely top-heavy, and ridden mostly for entertainment.
[4] (12) It wasnt until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. (13) Today their built, <7>
used, and enjoyed all over the world. (14) H. J. Lawson, invented by another Englishman, <8> the safety bicycle
would look familiar to todays cyclists. (15) This bicycle had equal sized wheels, which made it less prone to toppling
over. (16) Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the rear wheel. (17) With these improvements, the
bicycle became extremely popular and useful for transportation.
Which of the following sequences makes paragraph 4 most logical?
A. NO CHANGE
B. (12), (13), (14), (16), (17), (15)C. (12), (17), (14), (15), (16), (13) D. (12), (14), (15), (16), (17), (13)
D. (12), (14), (15), (16), (17), (13)
Answer: D
Explanation:
This is the most logical sequence. The sentence about Lawson and naming the safety bicycle must come before the
details of the safety bicycle. Sentence (13) is the best conclusion for the paragraph.
Question: 309
DIRECTIONS: In the passage below, certain phrases are underlined and numbered . The question will present
alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the
statement appropriate for standard written English, or is worded most consistently with the style and tone of the
passage as a whole. If you think the original version is the best, choose "NO CHANGE".
Bicycles
[1] (1) Today, bicycles are so common that its hard to believe they havent always been around. (2) But two hundred
years ago, bicycles werent even existing, <1> and the first bicycle, invented in Germany in 1818, was nothing like our
bicycles today it was made of wood and didnt even have pedals. (3) Since then, however, numerous innovations and
improvements in design have made the bicycle one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around
the world.
[2] (4) In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan a Scottish blacksmith, <2> dramatically improved upon the original bicycle
design. (5) Macmillans machine had tires with iron rims to keep them from getting worn down. (6) He also used foot-
operated cranks similar to pedals so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. <3> (7) It hadnt looked <4> much
like a modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. (8) In 1861, the
French Michaux brothers took the evolution of the bicycle a step further by inventing an improved crank mechanism.
[3] (9) Ten years later, James Starley, an English inventor, revolutionized bicycle design. (10) He, made <5> the front
wheel many times larger than the back wheel, putting a gear on <6> the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient, and
lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. (11) Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was
still clumsy, extremely top-heavy, and ridden mostly for entertainment.
[4] (12) It wasnt until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. (13) Today their built, <7>
used, and enjoyed all over the world. (14) H. J. Lawson, invented by another Englishman, <8> the safety bicycle
would look familiar to todays cyclists. (15) This bicycle had equal sized wheels, which made it less prone to toppling
over. (16) Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the rear wheel. (17) With these improvements, the
bicycle became extremely popular and useful for transportation.
If the writer were trying to convince readers to buy a bicycle, he would:
A. NO CHANGE
B. Add a paragraph describing the health and environmental benefits of riding a bike.
ACT-English.html[10/12/2021 4:17:10 PM]
C. Add a paragraph comparing the cost and quality of todays best-selling bicycles.
D. Add a paragraph about the Tour de France and other bicycle races.
Answer: B
Explanation:
This choice gives readers reasons to buy a bicycle for themselves.
Question: 310
DIRECTIONS: In the passage below, certain phrases are underlined and numbered . The question will present
alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the
statement appropriate for standard written English, or is worded most consistently with the style and tone of the
passage as a whole. If you think the original version is the best, choose "NO CHANGE".
Bicycles
[1] (1) Today, bicycles are so common that its hard to believe they havent always been around. (2) But two hundred
years ago, bicycles werent even existing, <1> and the first bicycle, invented in Germany in 1818, was nothing like our
bicycles today it was made of wood and didnt even have pedals. (3) Since then, however, numerous innovations and
improvements in design have made the bicycle one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around
the world.
[2] (4) In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan a Scottish blacksmith, <2> dramatically improved upon the original bicycle
design. (5) Macmillans machine had tires with iron rims to keep them from getting worn down. (6) He also used foot-
operated cranks similar to pedals so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. <3> (7) It hadnt looked <4> much
like a modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. (8) In 1861, the
French Michaux brothers took the evolution of the bicycle a step further by inventing an improved crank mechanism.
[3] (9) Ten years later, James Starley, an English inventor, revolutionized bicycle design. (10) He, made <5> the front
wheel many times larger than the back wheel, putting a gear on <6> the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient, and
lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. (11) Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was
still clumsy, extremely top-heavy, and ridden mostly for entertainment.
[4] (12) It wasnt until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. (13) Today their built, <7>
used, and enjoyed all over the world. (14) H. J. Lawson, invented by another Englishman, <8> the safety bicycle
would look familiar to todays cyclists. (15) This bicycle had equal sized wheels, which made it less prone to toppling
over. (16) Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the rear wheel. (17) With these improvements, the
bicycle became extremely popular and useful for transportation.
<8>:
A. NO CHANGE
B. H. J. Lawson invented by another Englishman,
C. Invented by another Englishman, H. J. Lawson,
D. Another Englishman inventor, H. J. Lawson,
Answer: C
Explanation:
This choice presents the correct word order.
Question: 311
DIRECTIONS: In the passage below, certain phrases are underlined and numbered . The question will present
alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the
statement appropriate for standard written English, or is worded most consistently with the style and tone of the
passage as a whole. If you think the original version is the best, choose "NO CHANGE".
Bicycles
ACT-English.html[10/12/2021 4:17:10 PM]
[1] (1) Today, bicycles are so common that its hard to believe they havent always been around. (2) But two hundred
years ago, bicycles werent even existing, <1> and the first bicycle, invented in Germany in 1818, was nothing like our
bicycles today it was made of wood and didnt even have pedals. (3) Since then, however, numerous innovations and
improvements in design have made the bicycle one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around
the world.
[2] (4) In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan a Scottish blacksmith, <2> dramatically improved upon the original bicycle
design. (5) Macmillans machine had tires with iron rims to keep them from getting worn down. (6) He also used foot-
operated cranks similar to pedals so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. <3> (7) It hadnt looked <4> much
like a modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. (8) In 1861, the
French Michaux brothers took the evolution of the bicycle a step further by inventing an improved crank mechanism.
[3] (9) Ten years later, James Starley, an English inventor, revolutionized bicycle design. (10) He, made <5> the front
wheel many times larger than the back wheel, putting a gear on <6> the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient, and
lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. (11) Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was
still clumsy, extremely top-heavy, and ridden mostly for entertainment.
[4] (12) It wasnt until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. (13) Today their built, <7>
used, and enjoyed all over the world. (14) H. J. Lawson, invented by another Englishman, <8> the safety bicycle
would look familiar to todays cyclists. (15) This bicycle had equal sized wheels, which made it less prone to toppling
over. (16) Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the rear wheel. (17) With these improvements, the
bicycle became extremely popular and useful for transportation.
<7>:
A. NO CHANGE
B. Today there are built,
C. Today they, are built,D. Today, they are built,
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comma after an introductory word or phrase and they + are contraction.
Question: 312
DIRECTIONS: In the passage below, certain phrases are underlined and numbered . The question will present
alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the
statement appropriate for standard written English, or is worded most consistently with the style and tone of the
passage as a whole. If you think the original version is the best, choose "NO CHANGE".
Bicycles
[1] (1) Today, bicycles are so common that its hard to believe they havent always been around. (2) But two hundred
years ago, bicycles werent even existing, <1> and the first bicycle, invented in Germany in 1818, was nothing like our
bicycles today it was made of wood and didnt even have pedals. (3) Since then, however, numerous innovations and
improvements in design have made the bicycle one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around
the world.
[2] (4) In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan a Scottish blacksmith, <2> dramatically improved upon the original bicycle
design. (5) Macmillans machine had tires with iron rims to keep them from getting worn down. (6) He also used foot-
operated cranks similar to pedals so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. <3> (7) It hadnt looked <4> much
like a modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. (8) In 1861, the
French Michaux brothers took the evolution of the bicycle a step further by inventing an improved crank mechanism.
[3] (9) Ten years later, James Starley, an English inventor, revolutionized bicycle design. (10) He, made <5> the front
wheel many times larger than the back wheel, putting a gear on <6> the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient, and
lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. (11) Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was
still clumsy, extremely top-heavy, and ridden mostly for entertainment.
[4] (12) It wasnt until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. (13) Today their built, <7>
used, and enjoyed all over the world. (14) H. J. Lawson, invented by another Englishman, <8> the safety bicycle
would look familiar to todays cyclists. (15) This bicycle had equal sized wheels, which made it less prone to toppling
ACT-English.html[10/12/2021 4:17:10 PM]
over. (16) Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the rear wheel. (17) With these improvements, the
bicycle became extremely popular and useful for transportation.
<6>:
A. NO CHANGE
B. putted a gear on
C. put a gear in
D. put a gear on
Answer: D
Explanation:
This choice gives the sentence parallel structure.
Question: 313
DIRECTIONS: In the passage below, certain phrases are underlined and numbered . The question will present
alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the
statement appropriate for standard written English, or is worded most consistently with the style and tone of the
passage as a whole. If you think the original version is the best, choose "NO CHANGE".
Bicycles
[1] (1) Today, bicycles are so common that its hard to believe they havent always been around. (2) But two hundred
years ago, bicycles werent even existing, <1> and the first bicycle, invented in Germany in 1818, was nothing like our
bicycles today it was made of wood and didnt even have pedals. (3) Since then, however, numerous innovations and
improvements in design have made the bicycle one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around
the world.
[2] (4) In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan a Scottish blacksmith, <2> dramatically improved upon the original bicycle
design. (5) Macmillans machine had tires with iron rims to keep them from getting worn down. (6) He also used foot-
operated cranks similar to pedals so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. <3> (7) It hadnt looked <4> much
like a modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. (8) In 1861, the
French Michaux brothers took the evolution of the bicycle a step further by inventing an improved crank mechanism.
[3] (9) Ten years later, James Starley, an English inventor, revolutionized bicycle design. (10) He, made <5> the front
wheel many times larger than the back wheel, putting a gear on <6> the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient, and
lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. (11) Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was
still clumsy, extremely top-heavy, and ridden mostly for entertainment.
[4] (12) It wasnt until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. (13) Today their built, <7>
used, and enjoyed all over the world. (14) H. J. Lawson, invented by another Englishman, <8> the safety bicycle
would look familiar to todays cyclists. (15) This bicycle had equal sized wheels, which made it less prone to toppling
over. (16) Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the rear wheel. (17) With these improvements, the
bicycle became extremely popular and useful for transportation.
<5>:
A. NO CHANGE
B. He made
C. He had made
D. He; made
Answer: B
Explanation:
There should not be a comma between a subject and a verb.
Question: 314
ACT-English.html[10/12/2021 4:17:10 PM]
DIRECTIONS: In the passage below, certain phrases are underlined and numbered . The question will present
alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the
statement appropriate for standard written English, or is worded most consistently with the style and tone of the
passage as a whole. If you think the original version is the best, choose "NO CHANGE".
Bicycles
[1] (1) Today, bicycles are so common that its hard to believe they havent always been around. (2) But two hundred
years ago, bicycles werent even existing, <1> and the first bicycle, invented in Germany in 1818, was nothing like our
bicycles today it was made of wood and didnt even have pedals. (3) Since then, however, numerous innovations and
improvements in design have made the bicycle one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around
the world.
[2] (4) In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan a Scottish blacksmith, <2> dramatically improved upon the original bicycle
design. (5) Macmillans machine had tires with iron rims to keep them from getting worn down. (6) He also used foot-
operated cranks similar to pedals so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. <3> (7) It hadnt looked <4> much
like a modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. (8) In 1861, the
French Michaux brothers took the evolution of the bicycle a step further by inventing an improved crank mechanism.
[3] (9) Ten years later, James Starley, an English inventor, revolutionized bicycle design. (10) He, made <5> the front
wheel many times larger than the back wheel, putting a gear on <6> the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient, and
lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. (11) Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was
still clumsy, extremely top-heavy, and ridden mostly for entertainment.
[4] (12) It wasnt until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. (13) Today their built, <7>
used, and enjoyed all over the world. (14) H. J. Lawson, invented by another Englishman, <8> the safety bicycle
would look familiar to todays cyclists. (15) This bicycle had equal sized wheels, which made it less prone to toppling
over. (16) Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the rear wheel. (17) With these improvements, the
bicycle became extremely popular and useful for transportation.
<4>:
A. NO CHANGE
B. looked not
C. didnt look
D. wasnt looking
Answer: C
Explanation:
The verb needs to be in the past tense.
Question: 315
DIRECTIONS: In the passage below, certain phrases are underlined and numbered . The question will present
alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the
statement appropriate for standard written English, or is worded most consistently with the style and tone of the
passage as a whole. If you think the original version is the best, choose "NO CHANGE".
Bicycles
[1] (1) Today, bicycles are so common that its hard to believe they havent always been around. (2) But two hundred
years ago, bicycles werent even existing, <1> and the first bicycle, invented in Germany in 1818, was nothing like our
bicycles today it was made of wood and didnt even have pedals. (3) Since then, however, numerous innovations and
improvements in design have made the bicycle one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around
the world.
[2] (4) In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan a Scottish blacksmith, <2> dramatically improved upon the original bicycle
design. (5) Macmillans machine had tires with iron rims to keep them from getting worn down. (6) He also used foot-
operated cranks similar to pedals so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. <3> (7) It hadnt looked <4> much
like a modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. (8) In 1861, the
French Michaux brothers took the evolution of the bicycle a step further by inventing an improved crank mechanism.
[3] (9) Ten years later, James Starley, an English inventor, revolutionized bicycle design. (10) He, made <5> the front
ACT-English.html[10/12/2021 4:17:10 PM]
wheel many times larger than the back wheel, putting a gear on <6> the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient, and
lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. (11) Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was
still clumsy, extremely top-heavy, and ridden mostly for entertainment.
[4] (12) It wasnt until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. (13) Today their built, <7>
used, and enjoyed all over the world. (14) H. J. Lawson, invented by another Englishman, <8> the safety bicycle
would look familiar to todays cyclists. (15) This bicycle had equal sized wheels, which made it less prone to toppling
over. (16) Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the rear wheel. (17) With these improvements, the
bicycle became extremely popular and useful for transportation.
<3>:
A. NO CHANGE
B. could be rode quickly
C. could have been ridden fast
D. could ride at a quick pace
Answer: A
Explanation:
This is correct as is.
Question: 316
DIRECTIONS: In the passage below, certain phrases are underlined and numbered . The question will present
alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the
statement appropriate for standard written English, or is worded most consistently with the style and tone of the
passage as a whole. If you think the original version is the best, choose "NO CHANGE".
Bicycles
[1] (1) Today, bicycles are so common that its hard to believe they havent always been around. (2) But two hundred
years ago, bicycles werent even existing, <1> and the first bicycle, invented in Germany in 1818, was nothing like our
bicycles today it was made of wood and didnt even have pedals. (3) Since then, however, numerous innovations and
improvements in design have made the bicycle one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around
the world.
[2] (4) In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan a Scottish blacksmith, <2> dramatically improved upon the original bicycle
design. (5) Macmillans machine had tires with iron rims to keep them from getting worn down. (6) He also used foot-
operated cranks similar to pedals so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. <3> (7) It hadnt looked <4> much
like a modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. (8) In 1861, the
French Michaux brothers took the evolution of the bicycle a step further by inventing an improved crank mechanism.
[3] (9) Ten years later, James Starley, an English inventor, revolutionized bicycle design. (10) He, made <5> the front
wheel many times larger than the back wheel, putting a gear on <6> the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient, and
lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. (11) Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was
still clumsy, extremely top-heavy, and ridden mostly for entertainment.
[4] (12) It wasnt until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. (13) Today their built, <7>
used, and enjoyed all over the world. (14) H. J. Lawson, invented by another Englishman, <8> the safety bicycle
would look familiar to todays cyclists. (15) This bicycle had equal sized wheels, which made it less prone to toppling
over. (16) Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the rear wheel. (17) With these improvements, the
bicycle became extremely popular and useful for transportation.
<2>:
A. NO CHANGE
B. Macmillan was a Scottish blacksmith
C. Macmillan, a Scottish blacksmith,
D. Macmillan, he was a Scottish blacksmith,
ACT-English.html[10/12/2021 4:17:10 PM]
Answer: C
Explanation:
The phrase a Scottish blacksmith is relevant but nonessential information and needs to be set off by commas.
Question: 317
DIRECTIONS: In the passage below, certain phrases are underlined and numbered . The question will present
alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the
statement appropriate for standard written English, or is worded most consistently with the style and tone of the
passage as a whole. If you think the original version is the best, choose "NO CHANGE".
Bicycles
[1] (1) Today, bicycles are so common that its hard to believe they havent always been around. (2) But two hundred
years ago, bicycles werent even existing, <1> and the first bicycle, invented in Germany in 1818, was nothing like our
bicycles today it was made of wood and didnt even have pedals. (3) Since then, however, numerous innovations and
improvements in design have made the bicycle one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around
the world.
[2] (4) In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan a Scottish blacksmith, <2> dramatically improved upon the original bicycle
design. (5) Macmillans machine had tires with iron rims to keep them from getting worn down. (6) He also used foot-
operated cranks similar to pedals so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. <3> (7) It hadnt looked <4> much
like a modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. (8) In 1861, the
French Michaux brothers took the evolution of the bicycle a step further by inventing an improved crank mechanism.
[3] (9) Ten years later, James Starley, an English inventor, revolutionized bicycle design. (10) He, made <5> the front
wheel many times larger than the back wheel, putting a gear on <6> the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient, and
lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. (11) Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was
still clumsy, extremely top-heavy, and ridden mostly for entertainment.
[4] (12) It wasnt until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. (13) Today their built, <7>
used, and enjoyed all over the world. (14) H. J. Lawson, invented by another Englishman, <8> the safety bicycle
would look familiar to todays cyclists. (15) This bicycle had equal sized wheels, which made it less prone to toppling
over. (16) Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the rear wheel. (17) With these improvements, the
bicycle became extremely popular and useful for transportation.
<1>:
A. NO CHANGE
B. there was no such thing as a bicycle,
C. bicycles were uninvented,
D. whoever heard of a bicycle,
Answer: B
Explanation:
This choice has the most appropriate and correct usage and word choice.
ACT-English.html[10/12/2021 4:17:10 PM]
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Updated: Dec 28, 2021:

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  • "Session cookies" - These cookies only last as long as your online session, and disappear from your computer or device when you close your browser (like Internet Explorer, Google Chrome or Safari).
  • "Persistent cookies" - These cookies stay on your computer or device after your browser has been closed and last for a time specified in the cookie. We use persistent cookies when we need to know who you are for more than one browsing session. For example, we use them to remember your preferences for the next time you visit.
  • "Web Beacons/Pixels" - Some of our web pages and emails may also contain small electronic images known as web beacons, clear GIFs or single-pixel GIFs. These images are placed on a web page or email and typically work in conjunction with cookies to collect data. We use these images to identify our users and user behavior, such as counting the number of users who have visited a web page or acted upon one of our email digests.

JD Supra Cookies. We place our own cookies on your computer to track certain information about you while you are using our Website and Services. For example, we place a session cookie on your computer each time you visit our Website. We use these cookies to allow you to log-in to your subscriber account. In addition, through these cookies we are able to collect information about how you use the Website, including what browser you may be using, your IP address, and the URL address you came from upon visiting our Website and the URL you next visit (even if those URLs are not on our Website). We also utilize email web beacons to monitor whether our emails are being delivered and read. We also use these tools to help deliver reader analytics to our authors to give them insight into their readership and help them to Strengthen their content, so that it is most useful for our users.

Analytics/Performance Cookies. JD Supra also uses the following analytic tools to help us analyze the performance of our Website and Services as well as how visitors use our Website and Services:

  • HubSpot - For more information about HubSpot cookies, please visit legal.hubspot.com/privacy-policy.
  • New Relic - For more information on New Relic cookies, please visit www.newrelic.com/privacy.
  • Google Analytics - For more information on Google Analytics cookies, visit www.google.com/policies. To opt-out of being tracked by Google Analytics across all websites visit http://tools.google.com/dlpage/gaoptout. This will allow you to get and install a Google Analytics cookie-free web browser.

Facebook, Twitter and other Social Network Cookies. Our content pages allow you to share content appearing on our Website and Services to your social media accounts through the "Like," "Tweet," or similar buttons displayed on such pages. To accomplish this Service, we embed code that such third party social networks provide and that we do not control. These buttons know that you are logged in to your social network account and therefore such social networks could also know that you are viewing the JD Supra Website.

Controlling and Deleting Cookies

If you would like to change how a browser uses cookies, including blocking or deleting cookies from the JD Supra Website and Services you can do so by changing the settings in your web browser. To control cookies, most browsers allow you to either accept or reject all cookies, only accept certain types of cookies, or prompt you every time a site wishes to save a cookie. It's also easy to delete cookies that are already saved on your device by a browser.

The processes for controlling and deleting cookies vary depending on which browser you use. To find out how to do so with a particular browser, you can use your browser's "Help" function or alternatively, you can visit http://www.aboutcookies.org which explains, step-by-step, how to control and delete cookies in most browsers.

Updates to This Policy

We may update this cookie policy and our Privacy Policy from time-to-time, particularly as technology changes. You can always check this page for the latest version. We may also notify you of changes to our privacy policy by email.

Contacting JD Supra

If you have any questions about how we use cookies and other tracking technologies, please contact us at: privacy@jdsupra.com.

Tue, 05 May 2020 12:00:00 -0500 en text/html https://www.jdsupra.com/topics/section-127-plans/
What’s in the AI Literacy Act, and how will it impact you?

Artificial intelligence is fast becoming part of everyday life, so much so that federal lawmakers are taking steps to ensure equitable access to learning and using the technology.

On Dec. 15, Rep. Lisa Blunt Rochester of Delaware, along with Rep. Larry Bucshon of Indiana, introduced the bipartisan Artificial Intelligence (AI) Literacy Act — a move we called one of the AI news stories to watch in 2024.

What’s actually in the act, and how will it impact you? The AI Literacy Act is fairly straightforward. It aims to:

  1. Classify AI as a necessary part of digital literacy
  2. Make AI literacy accessible via public schools, colleges, universities and libraries

The first part will require an amendment to the Digital Equity Act of 2021, which defines digital literacy and identifies areas that need addressing to help close the digital divide. Once AI is established as something that people should be equitably educated about, it focuses on five main areas:

Skills

AI literacy includes skills like how to use accessible applications, but it goes beyond learning how to create prompts. It includes understanding the concept, application and limitations, as well as the ethical issues AI creates, such as potential IP infringement and misinformation.

Competition

A big part of the AI Literacy Act is making sure the United States stays technologically competitive and is digitally prepared as AI grows. This is a sort of call to action for the establishment of AI literacy in the Digital Equity Competitive Grant Program, which would fund education and certification for public K-12 and post-secondary educators.

Education

Through the grant program, public schools and institutions of higher learning would incorporate hands-on learning, including through private sector partnerships, in-school labs and virtual learning platforms.

Equity

The AI Literacy Act is intentional in its aim of fostering digital equity. In section 2 (Findings), it states:

“(8) Communities most often negatively impacted by AI-enabled technologies often have the least access to AI education. (9) AI literacy initiatives must engage stakeholders and communities in all stages, and specific outreach efforts should be made for communities disproportionately impacted by the digital divide, including minority and rural communities.”

And also notes that:

“(12) In 2021, Black students made up only 7.5 percent of AI-related bachelor’s degrees despite making up 14 percent of the population. While women account for 60 percent of college graduates, they constitute only 40 percent of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics graduates and 25 percent of graduates in AI fields. Efforts in AI literacy can help to bridge stark differences in attainment across demographic groups.”

Accountability

If the act is implemented, the assistant secretary of commerce for communications and information will be required to submit a written report every year, including recommendations for changes that might benefit more people.

While the legislation as written focuses primarily on students and educators, it also spotlights the importance of AI literacy in workforce development. The impact of the bill, as with the Digital Equity Act, will affect people impacted by the digital divide most acutely — at least at first.

With generative AI’s rapid growth over the past year, becoming AI literate is something we’re all in the process of learning.

Click here to read a PDF of the nine-page bill

Thu, 04 Jan 2024 23:00:00 -0600 en text/html https://technical.ly/civic-news/ai-literacy-act-explained-digital-literacy/
Bank Holding Company Act

Updated: Dec 28, 2021:

JD Supra is a legal publishing service that connects experts and their content with broader audiences of professionals, journalists and associations.

This Privacy Policy describes how JD Supra, LLC ("JD Supra" or "we," "us," or "our") collects, uses and shares personal data collected from visitors to our website (located at www.jdsupra.com) (our "Website") who view only publicly-available content as well as subscribers to our services (such as our email digests or author tools)(our "Services"). By using our Website and registering for one of our Services, you are agreeing to the terms of this Privacy Policy.

Please note that if you subscribe to one of our Services, you can make choices about how we collect, use and share your information through our Privacy Center under the "My Account" dashboard (available if you are logged into your JD Supra account).

Collection of Information

Registration Information. When you register with JD Supra for our Website and Services, either as an author or as a subscriber, you will be asked to provide identifying information to create your JD Supra account ("Registration Data"), such as your:

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Other Information: We also collect other information you may voluntarily provide. This may include content you provide for publication. We may also receive your communications with others through our Website and Services (such as contacting an author through our Website) or communications directly with us (such as through email, feedback or other forms or social media). If you are a subscribed user, we will also collect your user preferences, such as the types of articles you would like to read.

Information from third parties (such as, from your employer or LinkedIn): We may also receive information about you from third party sources. For example, your employer may provide your information to us, such as in connection with an article submitted by your employer for publication. If you choose to use LinkedIn to subscribe to our Website and Services, we also collect information related to your LinkedIn account and profile.

Your interactions with our Website and Services: As is true of most websites, we gather certain information automatically. This information includes IP addresses, browser type, Internet service provider (ISP), referring/exit pages, operating system, date/time stamp and clickstream data. We use this information to analyze trends, to administer the Website and our Services, to Strengthen the content and performance of our Website and Services, and to track users' movements around the site. We may also link this automatically-collected data to personal information, for example, to inform authors about who has read their articles. Some of this data is collected through information sent by your web browser. We also use cookies and other tracking technologies to collect this information. To learn more about cookies and other tracking technologies that JD Supra may use on our Website and Services please see our "Cookies Guide" page.

How do we use this information?

We use the information and data we collect principally in order to provide our Website and Services. More specifically, we may use your personal information to:

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  • Conduct research and similar activities to Strengthen our Website and Services; and
  • Comply with our legal and regulatory responsibilities and to enforce our rights.

How is your information shared?

  • Content and other public information (such as an author profile) is shared on our Website and Services, including via email digests and social media feeds, and is accessible to the general public.
  • If you choose to use our Website and Services to communicate directly with a company or individual, such communication may be shared accordingly.
  • Readership information is provided to publishing law firms and companies and authors of content to give them insight into their readership and to help them to Strengthen their content.
  • Our Website may offer you the opportunity to share information through our Website, such as through Facebook's "Like" or Twitter's "Tweet" button. We offer this functionality to help generate interest in our Website and content and to permit you to recommend content to your contacts. You should be aware that sharing through such functionality may result in information being collected by the applicable social media network and possibly being made publicly available (for example, through a search engine). Any such information collection would be subject to such third party social media network's privacy policy.
  • Your information may also be shared to parties who support our business, such as professional advisors as well as web-hosting providers, analytics providers and other information technology providers.
  • Any court, governmental authority, law enforcement agency or other third party where we believe disclosure is necessary to comply with a legal or regulatory obligation, or otherwise to protect our rights, the rights of any third party or individuals' personal safety, or to detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or safety issues.
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How We Protect Your Information

JD Supra takes reasonable and appropriate precautions to insure that user information is protected from loss, misuse and unauthorized access, disclosure, alteration and destruction. We restrict access to user information to those individuals who reasonably need access to perform their job functions, such as our third party email service, customer service personnel and technical staff. You should keep in mind that no Internet transmission is ever 100% secure or error-free. Where you use log-in credentials (usernames, passwords) on our Website, please remember that it is your responsibility to safeguard them. If you believe that your log-in credentials have been compromised, please contact us at privacy@jdsupra.com.

Children's Information

Our Website and Services are not directed at children under the age of 16 and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children under the age of 16 through our Website and/or Services. If you have reason to believe that a child under the age of 16 has provided personal information to us, please contact us, and we will endeavor to delete that information from our databases.

Links to Other Websites

Our Website and Services may contain links to other websites. The operators of such other websites may collect information about you, including through cookies or other technologies. If you are using our Website or Services and click a link to another site, you will leave our Website and this Policy will not apply to your use of and activity on those other sites. We encourage you to read the legal notices posted on those sites, including their privacy policies. We are not responsible for the data collection and use practices of such other sites. This Policy applies solely to the information collected in connection with your use of our Website and Services and does not apply to any practices conducted offline or in connection with any other websites.

Information for EU and Swiss Residents

JD Supra's principal place of business is in the United States. By subscribing to our website, you expressly consent to your information being processed in the United States.

  • Our Legal Basis for Processing: Generally, we rely on our legitimate interests in order to process your personal information. For example, we rely on this legal ground if we use your personal information to manage your Registration Data and administer our relationship with you; to deliver our Website and Services; understand and Strengthen our Website and Services; report reader analytics to our authors; to personalize your experience on our Website and Services; and where necessary to protect or defend our or another's rights or property, or to detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security, safety or privacy issues. Please see Article 6(1)(f) of the E.U. General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR") In addition, there may be other situations where other grounds for processing may exist, such as where processing is a result of legal requirements (GDPR Article 6(1)(c)) or for reasons of public interest (GDPR Article 6(1)(e)). Please see the "Your Rights" section of this Privacy Policy immediately below for more information about how you may request that we limit or refrain from processing your personal information.
  • Your Rights
    • Right of Access/Portability: You can ask to review details about the information we hold about you and how that information has been used and disclosed. Note that we may request to verify your identification before fulfilling your request. You can also request that your personal information is provided to you in a commonly used electronic format so that you can share it with other organizations.
    • Right to Correct Information: You may ask that we make corrections to any information we hold, if you believe such correction to be necessary.
    • Right to Restrict Our Processing or Erasure of Information: You also have the right in certain circumstances to ask us to restrict processing of your personal information or to erase your personal information. Where you have consented to our use of your personal information, you can withdraw your consent at any time.

You can make a request to exercise any of these rights by emailing us at privacy@jdsupra.com or by writing to us at:

Privacy Officer
JD Supra, LLC
150 Harbor Drive, #2760
Sausalito, CA 94965

You can also manage your profile and subscriptions through our Privacy Center under the "My Account" dashboard.

We will make all practical efforts to respect your wishes. There may be times, however, where we are not able to fulfill your request, for example, if applicable law prohibits our compliance. Please note that JD Supra does not use "automatic decision making" or "profiling" as those terms are defined in the GDPR.

  • Timeframe for retaining your personal information: We will retain your personal information in a form that identifies you only for as long as it serves the purpose(s) for which it was initially collected as stated in this Privacy Policy, or subsequently authorized. We may continue processing your personal information for longer periods, but only for the time and to the extent such processing reasonably serves the purposes of archiving in the public interest, journalism, literature and art, scientific or historical research and statistical analysis, and subject to the protection of this Privacy Policy. For example, if you are an author, your personal information may continue to be published in connection with your article indefinitely. When we have no ongoing legitimate business need to process your personal information, we will either delete or anonymize it, or, if this is not possible (for example, because your personal information has been stored in backup archives), then we will securely store your personal information and isolate it from any further processing until deletion is possible.
  • Onward Transfer to Third Parties: As noted in the "How We Share Your Data" Section above, JD Supra may share your information with third parties. When JD Supra discloses your personal information to third parties, we have ensured that such third parties have either certified under the EU-U.S. or Swiss Privacy Shield Framework and will process all personal data received from EU member states/Switzerland in reliance on the applicable Privacy Shield Framework or that they have been subjected to strict contractual provisions in their contract with us to certain an adequate level of data protection for your data.

California Privacy Rights

Pursuant to Section 1798.83 of the California Civil Code, our customers who are California residents have the right to request certain information regarding our disclosure of personal information to third parties for their direct marketing purposes.

You can make a request for this information by emailing us at privacy@jdsupra.com or by writing to us at:

Privacy Officer
JD Supra, LLC
150 Harbor Drive, #2760
Sausalito, CA 94965

Some browsers have incorporated a Do Not Track (DNT) feature. These features, when turned on, send a signal that you prefer that the website you are visiting not collect and use data regarding your online searching and browsing activities. As there is not yet a common understanding on how to interpret the DNT signal, we currently do not respond to DNT signals on our site.

Access/Correct/Update/Delete Personal Information

For non-EU/Swiss residents, if you would like to know what personal information we have about you, you can send an e-mail to privacy@jdsupra.com. We will be in contact with you (by mail or otherwise) to verify your identity and provide you the information you request. We will respond within 30 days to your request for access to your personal information. In some cases, we may not be able to remove your personal information, in which case we will let you know if we are unable to do so and why. If you would like to correct or update your personal information, you can manage your profile and subscriptions through our Privacy Center under the "My Account" dashboard. If you would like to delete your account or remove your information from our Website and Services, send an e-mail to privacy@jdsupra.com.

Changes in Our Privacy Policy

We reserve the right to change this Privacy Policy at any time. Please refer to the date at the top of this page to determine when this Policy was last revised. Any changes to our Privacy Policy will become effective upon posting of the revised policy on the Website. By continuing to use our Website and Services following such changes, you will be deemed to have agreed to such changes.

Contacting JD Supra

If you have any questions about this Privacy Policy, the practices of this site, your dealings with our Website or Services, or if you would like to change any of the information you have provided to us, please contact us at: privacy@jdsupra.com.

As with many websites, JD Supra's website (located at www.jdsupra.com) (our "Website") and our services (such as our email article digests)(our "Services") use a standard technology called a "cookie" and other similar technologies (such as, pixels and web beacons), which are small data files that are transferred to your computer when you use our Website and Services. These technologies automatically identify your browser whenever you interact with our Website and Services.

How We Use Cookies and Other Tracking Technologies

We use cookies and other tracking technologies to:

  1. Improve the user experience on our Website and Services;
  2. Store the authorization token that users receive when they login to the private areas of our Website. This token is specific to a user's login session and requires a valid username and password to obtain. It is required to access the user's profile information, subscriptions, and analytics;
  3. Track anonymous site usage; and
  4. Permit connectivity with social media networks to permit content sharing.

There are different types of cookies and other technologies used our Website, notably:

  • "Session cookies" - These cookies only last as long as your online session, and disappear from your computer or device when you close your browser (like Internet Explorer, Google Chrome or Safari).
  • "Persistent cookies" - These cookies stay on your computer or device after your browser has been closed and last for a time specified in the cookie. We use persistent cookies when we need to know who you are for more than one browsing session. For example, we use them to remember your preferences for the next time you visit.
  • "Web Beacons/Pixels" - Some of our web pages and emails may also contain small electronic images known as web beacons, clear GIFs or single-pixel GIFs. These images are placed on a web page or email and typically work in conjunction with cookies to collect data. We use these images to identify our users and user behavior, such as counting the number of users who have visited a web page or acted upon one of our email digests.

JD Supra Cookies. We place our own cookies on your computer to track certain information about you while you are using our Website and Services. For example, we place a session cookie on your computer each time you visit our Website. We use these cookies to allow you to log-in to your subscriber account. In addition, through these cookies we are able to collect information about how you use the Website, including what browser you may be using, your IP address, and the URL address you came from upon visiting our Website and the URL you next visit (even if those URLs are not on our Website). We also utilize email web beacons to monitor whether our emails are being delivered and read. We also use these tools to help deliver reader analytics to our authors to give them insight into their readership and help them to Strengthen their content, so that it is most useful for our users.

Analytics/Performance Cookies. JD Supra also uses the following analytic tools to help us analyze the performance of our Website and Services as well as how visitors use our Website and Services:

  • HubSpot - For more information about HubSpot cookies, please visit legal.hubspot.com/privacy-policy.
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  • Google Analytics - For more information on Google Analytics cookies, visit www.google.com/policies. To opt-out of being tracked by Google Analytics across all websites visit http://tools.google.com/dlpage/gaoptout. This will allow you to get and install a Google Analytics cookie-free web browser.

Facebook, Twitter and other Social Network Cookies. Our content pages allow you to share content appearing on our Website and Services to your social media accounts through the "Like," "Tweet," or similar buttons displayed on such pages. To accomplish this Service, we embed code that such third party social networks provide and that we do not control. These buttons know that you are logged in to your social network account and therefore such social networks could also know that you are viewing the JD Supra Website.

Controlling and Deleting Cookies

If you would like to change how a browser uses cookies, including blocking or deleting cookies from the JD Supra Website and Services you can do so by changing the settings in your web browser. To control cookies, most browsers allow you to either accept or reject all cookies, only accept certain types of cookies, or prompt you every time a site wishes to save a cookie. It's also easy to delete cookies that are already saved on your device by a browser.

The processes for controlling and deleting cookies vary depending on which browser you use. To find out how to do so with a particular browser, you can use your browser's "Help" function or alternatively, you can visit http://www.aboutcookies.org which explains, step-by-step, how to control and delete cookies in most browsers.

Updates to This Policy

We may update this cookie policy and our Privacy Policy from time-to-time, particularly as technology changes. You can always check this page for the latest version. We may also notify you of changes to our privacy policy by email.

Contacting JD Supra

If you have any questions about how we use cookies and other tracking technologies, please contact us at: privacy@jdsupra.com.

Tue, 02 Jan 2024 09:59:00 -0600 en text/html https://www.jdsupra.com/topics/bank-holding-company-act/
DOJ welcomes SC rules on Anti-Terrorism Act: 'Addresses contentious topics' No result found, try new keyword!Under the rules, the Court of Appeals is allowed to issue an Order of Proscription declaring as outlawed terrorist any group of persons, organization, or association that commits any acts under ... Tue, 02 Jan 2024 20:08:59 -0600 en-us text/html https://www.msn.com/ CARES Act

The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, passed by the Senate on Tuesday, contains a few tax provisions, most notably it would end the employee retention credit on Sept. 30. It would also require information reporting about cryptoasset transfers.

The IRS in Rev. Proc. 2021-14 specifies procedures regarding limitation and carryback of net operating losses from farming in light of CARES Act provisions.

Indications are that businesses with Paycheck Protection Program loans of $2 million or more will not have to submit a Loan Necessity Questionnaire when applying for forgiveness of their loans.

The IRS issued guidance on how to claim the employee retention credit for the first and second quarters of 2021. It will issue guidance on the employee retention credit from July 1 to Dec. 31, 2021, provided in new Sec. 3134, at a later date.

The SBA extended deferral periods for all disaster loans, including those made through the COVID-19 Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) program. With the deferral, small businesses that received a COVID-19 EIDL loan won’t have to make a first payment on the loan until next year.

The IRS issued guidance on the employee retention credit in effect for qualified wages paid after March 12, 2020, through Dec. 31, 2020, including how it interacts with Paycheck Protection Program loans.

Examples from several states show that rolling conformity is not as clear-cut as it sounds.

The IRS issued guidance on two aspects of the employee retention credit — how to claim the credit when filing the fourth quarter Form 941 when the taxpayer knows its loan under the PPP will not be forgiven and how the newly extended and amended employee retention credit will apply.

The IRS granted individual taxpayers a waiver from the penalty for underestimated tax due solely to the amendment to Sec. 461(l)(1)(B) in the CARES Act repealing the excess business loss limitations for years before 2021.

COVID-19 relief measures confront return preparers with novel predicaments. [Updated with tax provisions from the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, the COVID-19 relief package signed into law in late December 2020.]

The year-end coronavirus relief and spending bill passed by Congress includes many tax provisions, including pandemic-related relief, extensions of expired provisions, and a large number of miscellaneous items, including temporary 100% deductibility for business meals.

Two experts look at the issue of the deductibility of expenses paid with PPP loan funds and conclude that they should be deductible.

Employers must be wary of the trust fund recovery penalty if they take advantage of deferrals in the CARES Act.

When it comes time to put on your year-end planning hat, will you be prepared to provide the best tax and financial planning advice to clients? Take this quiz to see if you’re ready to tackle year-end planning for 2020.

For a limited time, taxpayers have flexibility for using net operating losses.

The Federal Reserve board announced that it lowered the minimum loan size for three of its Main Street Lending Program facilities in an effort to make the program available to more and smaller businesses.

The IRS announced that it was extending the deadline from Oct. 15 to Nov. 21 at midnight for certain individuals to enter their information on the Non-Filers: Enter Payment Info Here tool on the IRS website to receive the $1,200 stimulus payment due to individual taxpayers.

A one-time deduction of up to $300 can be taken directly on individual returns.

Relative to CARES Act tax provisions, state conformity to date is varied.

The IRS issued a package of related guidance on the business interest expense limitation enacted in the law known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and amended by the CARES Act.

Sun, 31 Jan 2021 10:00:00 -0600 text/html https://www.journalofaccountancy.com/topics/covid-19-coronavirus/cares-act.html
‘The Act’ Subject Gypsy Rose Blanchard Is Trying To Increase Her Odds Of Bumping Into Taylor Swift After Leaving Prison

These days, everyone wants to meet Taylor Swift. It’s one of the most talked about syllabus on late-night TV, as even the big-name icons are often gushing about their time with the pop star. Even convicted felon/Swiftie Gypsy Rose Blanchard, whose story was portrayed (as shown above) in Hulu’s The Act (2019), is trying to get her idol’s attention after being released from jail this week, and you really cannot blame her for trying.

Blanchard, who is from Missouri, served eight of a 10-year prison sentence for conspiring to kill her abusive mother. Dee Dee Blanchard had manipulated her daughter into thinking she was disabled and sick throughout most of her childhood, repeatedly making her daughter go through dangerous and painful medical procedures that were unnecessary. Gypsy Rose and her then-boyfriend Nicholas Godejohn to conspired to kill Dee Dee, which Godejohn carried out. Godejohn is still serving his sentence, but Gypsy Rose is set to be released on December 28th. And her first stop is to (attempt) a Taylor Swift meetup.

Gypsy Rose has reportedly purchased tickets to the Kansas City Chiefs game on New Year’s Eve. Swift has been seen at many games throughout the season supporting her boyfriend, podcaster Travis Kelce. He’s also a football player.

It’s very likely that Blanchard won’t be able to meet Swift, who is always spotted in the fancy family box seats, but she has been open about her love of Swift in the past. TMZ reports that the singer’s 2012 song “Eyes Open” helped Blanchard push through her trauma from her abusive mother. The outlet also reports that Blanchard used the commissary money her father sent her to buy every Swift album. Even if she doesn’t get to meet her idol, Blanchard is aiming to see her on tour next Fall.

Oddly enough, however, in Hulu’s The Act, Blanchard was portrayed by Joey King, one of Swift’s longtime BFFs, who recently appeared in the singer’s music video. King was nominated for both an Emmy and a Golden Globe for the 2019 miniseries, but would a meeting actually be in the cards? No one knows.

(Via TMZ, New York Post)

Thu, 28 Dec 2023 07:30:00 -0600 Nina BracaContributing Writer en-US text/html https://uproxx.com/viral/gypsy-rose-blanchard-taylor-swift-kansas-city-game/
Opinion: syllabus that won't fade away in 2024

Tribune readers expressed their views on a number of subjects in 2023: from the controversy that erupted over books in the public library to the debate over closing Clay High School.

Many of the issues will continue to be subjects of discussion in the new year and beyond. Consider the Viewpoint written by a Clay High School parent, written after the decision to close was made, looking to the future and imploring school officials to preserve arts education in the South Bend schools after the arts magnet's closure.

More: Clay was closing. How did it become a charter school candidate?

Today, we offer excerpts from that Viewpoint, as well as a few others written on syllabus that will continue to generate conversation and concern into the new year.

"South Bend schools must remain committed to arts education"

April 21

Clay parent Dave Griffith writes about the importance of the school's place as a public arts magnet, where students "find a community of like-minded people who share their passions. In my experience as an educator, when a young person does not have access to such meaningful relationships, they often feel lost, anxious, unseen, unheard and abandoned."

He writes that his daughter "looks for community amongst those who want to act, sing, tell stories, make films, paint and draw. In other school communities that made her a misfit. At Clay this makes her normal."

Griffith notes, "We’re going to need to be relentless in our insistence that the leaders of South Bend community schools commit to fully funding an arts magnet option beyond the closing of Clay. Failure to do so will be a betrayal of South Bend’s young artists."

"May I suggest another option for new South Shore station?"

May 12

South Bend resident Greg Jones weighs in on the location of the new South Shore station, advocating for an alternative to the downtown and airport options.

"Right now we have a serious bottleneck at two rail crossing locations, both near the current Amtrak station. There is a railroad crossing at Olive Street and one at Linden Avenue. What I would like to propose is that we consider building a combination roundabout/overpass just like the one at trial Street and Olive," he writes.

Column: A divided community could quash once-in-a-generation funding opportunity for South Shore

"Along with this new overpass we would build a brand new, beautiful state-of-the-art combination Amtrak/South Shore station. There is so much potential for parking and development in this area it’s ridiculous. The Bendix/Honeywell area is absolutely ripe for development. It is a hidden jewel for South Bend. And it would also be a shot in the arm for the west side."

"With book-banning laws, Indiana swings toward overreaction"

May 17

Indiana House Bill 1447, dubbed the book banning bill, was the subject of a Viewpoint by David Hoffman, a retired civil rights and constitutional law attorney. He asserts that history is like "a pendulum ceaselessly moving from overreaction to regret, primarily because people fail to learn from it."

Hoffman compares the current climate to the McCarthy-era Red Scare, which resulted in censoring books, TV shows and movies and the banning of individuals thought to have communist sympathies.

"Under this new McCarthyism," he writes, "it was no surprise when Indiana politicians passed a law … easing the ability to ban books in public schools."

New law: Gov. Holcomb signs book banning measure

"America is blessed with a culture diverse in race, ethnic background, religion, and politics. But such diversity often creates widely disparate views about what is right and what is wrong," he writes, adding that children’s educations and futures "should not be hostage to anyone who perceives some offense at educational materials."

More: County commissioners reappoint St. Joseph County Library's preferred board member

Hoffman concludes that with Indiana's new law, the pendulum is "swinging toward overreaction" and offers this advice: "Stop it now, so it doesn’t need to swing back to regret."

"I showed up for a discussion about book banning. I found something else."

Sept. 6

Don Wycliff a former editorial page editor at the Chicago Tribune, writes that he is opposed in principle to book banning, "virtually no matter the content."

But he takes a different view of the proposal to move "This Book is Gay" from the St. Joseph County Public Library’s youth section to its adult section. According to Wycliff, the people who advocated for the move at a public meeting he attended were asking for "truth in labeling. If the books in the teen section are for consumption by teens, let the content reflect that, so that parents can know what their children will have access to when they go there," he writes.

Viewpoint: A public library's mission is to provide free access to books, information

"What I heard were people asking, at another level, for the assistance of the 'village' in raising their children. (Remember that aphorism that so many enlightened people love to invoke: 'It takes a village to raise a child'?)," Wycliff writes.

If the people who have asked for the move "really have something more radical and nefarious in mind, it will become apparent soon enough," he writes, adding, "Until then, it behooves all of us — proponents and opponents alike — to behave civilly and with humility."

This article originally appeared on South Bend Tribune: 2023 Viewpoints will remain on the radar in 2024

Wed, 27 Dec 2023 15:29:00 -0600 en-US text/html https://www.aol.com/opinion-topics-wont-fade-away-102918186.html
Help us increase the diversity of views and voices in the BDN opinion section

The BDN Opinion section operates independently and does not set news policies or contribute to reporting or editing articles elsewhere in the newspaper or on bangordailynews.com.

The Bangor Daily News opinion staff is looking to engage new contributors for a project around Martin Luther King Jr. Day. We’d like to turn the entire opinion section over to voices of color. That means the editorial, columns and letters to the editor would all come from people with lived experience reflecting on elements of Martin Luther King’s legacy and the continued work toward equality across society.

Our goal is to elevate diverse voices across Maine and center their perspectives for our readers. We don’t want to dictate what people choose to write about. There are no required prompts or specific syllabus for this project. But just in case writers are looking for somewhere to start, here are some ideas that opinion staff have been thinking about:

The King Center’s theme for MLK Day 2024 is, “It starts with me: Shifting the cultural climate through the study and practice of Kingian nonviolence.” So what does Kingian nonviolence mean to you? What are some ways that we can and should shift our cultural climate? Last year, we at the Bangor Daily News editorial board were criticized for publishing an abridged version of King’s “I Have a Dream” Speech, which left out some of his strong critiques of various aspects of American society — like the pervasiveness of discrimination, police brutality and economic inequality. In what ways do those critiques still ring true today, and continue to require action?

The presence of white supremacist groups in Maine, particularly a training facility in Springfield, have made headlines repeatedly this year. How does the presence of groups like this impact you, and how would you like your white fellow Mainers to respond in order to best support you? What policies and actions can Maine take to better support Mainers of color?

Again, these are just a few thoughts, and not required starting points for this project. Opinion staff can work with contributors if they have questions about the direction they’d like to take. Columns are typically around 650 words and letters around 250 words.

We hope that this project can help build ongoing relationships and collaboration, should the authors like to continue to contribute pieces on other syllabus moving forward.

Anyone interested in being part of this project can reach out to Deputy Opinion Editor Matt Junker at mjunker@bangordailynews.com. Any contributed pieces for this project should please be submitted by Wednesday, Jan. 10.  

Fri, 29 Dec 2023 03:43:00 -0600 en-US text/html https://www.bangordailynews.com/2023/12/29/opinion/seeking-diverse-voices-martin-luther-king/
Rafael Nadal’s Defiant Comeback Prompts Tennis Bigwig to Make a Bold Prediction – ‘ There’s No Reason Why..’ No result found, try new keyword!Rafael Nadal has returned to the court as if he’s never been away from the competitive game. In his comeback tournament in Australia, the Spanish tennis star secured back-to-back wins after ... Thu, 04 Jan 2024 16:39:47 -0600 en-us text/html https://www.msn.com/




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