General Securities Representative Series 7 Exam Braindumps
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Series7 history - General Securities Representative Series 7 Updated: 2024 | ||||||||
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Exam Code: Series7 General Securities Representative Series 7 history January 2024 by Killexams.com team | ||||||||
Series7 General Securities Representative Series 7 Exam ID : Series7 Exam Title : General Securities Representative Series 7 Questions : 135 (125 Scored) Unscored : 10 Duration : 3 hrs 45 min. The Series 7 exam is designed to assess the competency of entry-level General Securities Representatives. The Series 7 exam seeks to measure the degree to which each candidate possesses the knowledge, skills and abilities needed to perform the critical functions of a General Securities Registered Representative. In order to obtain registration as a General Securities Representative, candidates must pass both the Series 7 exam and a general knowledge co-requisite, the Securities Industry Essentials (SIE) exam. Seeks Business for the Broker-Dealer from Customers and Potential Customers 7% Opens Accounts After Obtaining and Evaluating Customers Financial Profile and Investment Objectives 9% Provides Customers with Information About Investments, Makes Suitable Recommendations, Transfers Assets and Maintains Appropriate Records 73% Obtains and Verifies Customers Purchase and Sales Instructions and Agreements; Processes, Completes and Confirms Transactions 11% The exam is administered via computer. A tutorial on how to take the exam is provided prior to taking the exam. Each candidates exam includes 10 additional, unidentified pretest items that do not contribute toward the candidate's score. The pretest items are randomly distributed throughout the exam. Therefore, each candidates exam consists of a total of 135 items (125 scored and 10 unscored). There is no penalty for guessing. Therefore, candidates should attempt to answer all items. Candidates will be allowed 3 hours and 45 minutes to complete the Series 7 exam. All candidate test scores are placed on a common scale using a statistical adjustment process known as equating. Equating scores to a common scale accounts for the slight variations in difficulty that may exist among the different sets of exam items that candidates receive. This allows for a fair comparison of scores and ensures that every candidate is held to the same passing standard regardless of which set of exam items they received. Candidates are not permitted to bring reference materials to their testing session. Severe penalties are imposed on candidates who cheat or attempt to cheat on FINRA-administered exams. Course Outline, exam Syllabus Function 1: Seeks Business for the Broker-Dealer from Customers and Potential Customers 1.1 Contacts current and potential customers in person and by telephone, mail and electronic means; develops promotional and advertising materials and seeks appropriate approvals to distribute marketing materials Knowledge of: Standards and required approvals of public communications Types of communications (e.g., retail, institutional, correspondence) Seminars, lectures and other group forum requirements Product specific advertisements and disclosures Investment company products and variable contracts Options-related communications; options disclosure document (ODD) Municipal securities Research reports (e.g., quiet periods, distribution, third-party research) Government securities, collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs), certificates of deposit (CDs) FINRA Rules – Communications with the Public – Communications with the Public about Variable Life Insurance and Variable Annuities – Use of Investment Companies Rankings in Retail Communications – Requirements for the Use of Bond Mutual Fund Volatility Ratings – Communications with the Public about Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs) – Options Communications – Members Responsibilities Regarding Deferred Variable Annuities – Options SEC Rules and Regulations Securities Act of 1933 Section 5 – Prohibitions Relating to Interstate Commerce and the Mails 156 – Investment Company Sales Literature 482 – Advertising by an Investment Company as Satisfying Requirements of Section 10 498 – Summary Prospectuses for Open-End Management Investment Companies Securities Exchange Act of 1934 15c2-12 – Municipal Securities Disclosure 15c3-3 – Customer Protection — Reserves and Custody of Securities Cboe Rules 9.8 – Addressing of Communications to Customers 9.9 – Delivery of Current Options Disclosure Documents 9.15 – Options Communications MSRB Rule G-21 – Advertising 1.2 Describes investment products and services to current and potential customers with the intent of soliciting business Knowledge of: Process for bringing new issues to market (e.g., due diligence, registration statement, preliminary prospectus, final prospectus, underwriting agreement, selling group agreement, blue-sky laws and procedures) Regulatory requirements for initial public offerings (IPOs) (e.g., restrictions on prospecting or soliciting, allowable communications with the public) Primary financing for municipal securities (e.g., competitive sale, negotiated sale, private offering, advance refunding) Syndicate formation and operational procedures (e.g., purpose of syndicate bid, roles and responsibilities of underwriters, selling group concession and reallowance) Pricing practices and components of underwriters spread and determination of underwriters compensation and selling practices Prospectus requirements (e.g., timeliness of information, preliminary prospectus (red herring), final prospectus) Information required in a registration statement and offering material on new issue (e.g., in pre-filing period, in cooling-off period, in post-registration period) Official statements, preliminary official statements, notice of sale for municipal securities Qualified institutional buyer (QIB) and accredited investor Qualification requirements for Regulation A offerings (e.g., filing of abbreviated registration statement and offering circular Regulation D offerings (e.g., exemption from SEC registration, access to capital markets, accredited investors) Securities and transactions exempted from registration, including Section 3(a)(11) of the Securities Act of 1933 and Rule 147 thereunder (i.e., intrastate offering) Regulatory requirements for private placements or resales Nonregistered foreign securities sold to institutions qualified in the U.S. Foreign securities prohibited from being sold to U.S. investors FINRA Rules – Networking Arrangements Between Members and Financial Institutions – Tape Recording of Registered Persons by Certain Firms – Corporate Financing Rule — Underwriting Terms and Arrangements – Public Offerings of Securities with Conflicts of Interest – Restrictions on the Purchase and Sale of Initial Equity Public Offerings – New Issue Allocations and Distributions – Sale of Securities in a Fixed Price Offering – Disclosure of Price and Concessions in Selling Agreements – Notification Requirements for Offering Participants SEC Rules and Regulations Securities Act of 1933 Section 3 – Exempted Securities Section 4 – Exempted Transactions – Communications Not Deemed a Prospectus – Options Material Not Deemed a Prospectus – Persons Deemed Not To Be Engaged in a Distribution and Therefore Not Underwriters – Private Resales of Securities to Institutions – Reclassification of Securities, Mergers, Consolidations and Acquisitions of Assets – Intrastate Offers and Sales – Post-filing Free Writing Prospectuses in Connection with Certain Registered Offerings Securities Exchange Act of 1934 – Prohibition of Use of Manipulative or Deceptive Devices or Contrivances with Respect to Certain Securities Exempted from Registration – Employment of Manipulative and Deceptive Devices by Brokers or Dealers – Purchases of Certain Equity Securities by the Issuer and Others – Delivery of Prospectus – Records To Be Made by Certain Exchange Members, Brokers and Dealers Regulation A – Conditional Small Issues Exemption Regulation C – Registration – Delayed or Continuous Offering and Sale of Securities – Contents of Prospectus Used After Nine Months – Prospectus for Use Prior to Effective Date – Prospectus in a Registration Statement at the Time of Effectiveness – Prospectus in a Registration Statement After Effective Date – Conditions to Permissible Post-filing Free Writing Prospectuses Regulation D – Rules Governing the Limited Offer and Sale of Securities Without Registration Under the Securities Act of 1933 – Use of Regulation D – Definitions and Terms Used in Regulation D – General Conditions to be Met – Filing of Notice of Sale – Exemption for Limited Offerings and Sales of Securities Not Exceeding $5,000,000 – Exemption for Limited Offers and Sales Without Regard to Dollar Amount of Offering – Disqualifying Provision Relating to Exemptions under Rules 504 and 506 – Insignificant Deviations from a Term, Condition or Requirement of Regulation D Regulation M Regulation S – Rules Governing Offers and Sales Made Outside the United States Without Registration Under the Securities Act of 1933 Trust Indenture Act of 1939 MSRB Rules – Primary Offering Practices – Transactions with Employees and Partners of Other Municipal Securities Professionals – Disclosures in Connection with Primary Offerings – CUSIP Numbers, New Issue, and Market Information Requirements – Solicitation of Municipal Securities Business Function 2: Opens Accounts After Obtaining and Evaluating Customers Financial Profile and Investment Objectives 2.1 Informs customers of the types of accounts and their appropriateness and provides disclosures regarding various account types and restrictions Knowledge of: Types of accounts (e.g., pattern day trading, prime brokerage, delivery verses payment/receive versus payment (DVP/RVP), advisory or fee-based) Account registration types (e.g., tenants in common (TIC), community property, sole proprietorship, partnership, unincorporated associations) Requirements for opening customer accounts Retirement plans and other tax advantaged accounts Transfers, rollovers, eligibility, distribution strategies and taxation (e.g., types of allowable contributions, distribution options, taxation of distribution at retirement, age restrictions for distributions, permissible investments) Employer-sponsored plans and ERISA (e.g., 457, defined benefit, profit-sharing, stock options and stock purchase, non-qualified deferred compensation programs) Wealth events (e.g., inheritance) Account registration changes and internal transfers FINRA Rules 2270 – Day-trading Risk Disclosure Statement 2130 – Approval Procedures for Day-trading Accounts 4512 – Customer Account Information 4514 – Authorization Records for Negotiable Instruments Drawn from a Customers Account 4515 – Approval and Documentation of Changes in Account Name or Designation Cboe Rule 9.1 – Opening of Accounts Internal Revenue Code 219 – Retirement Savings 415 – Limitations on Benefits and Contributions Under Qualified Plans 529 – Qualified Tuition Programs 530 – Coverdell Education Savings Accounts Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) 2.2 Obtains and updates customer information and documentation, including required legal documents and identifies and escalates suspicious activity Knowledge of: Customer screening (e.g., customer identification program (CIP), know-your-customer (KYC), domestic or foreign residency and/or citizenship, corporate insiders, employees of broker-dealers or self-regulatory organizations (SROs)) Information security and privacy regulations (e.g., initial privacy disclosures to customers, opt-out notices, disclosure limitations, exceptions) Account authorizations (e.g., power of attorney (POA), trust documents, corporate resolutions, trading authority, discretionary account documents) FINRA Rule 408T – Discretionary Power in Customers Accounts 2090 – Know Your Customer 3260 – Discretionary Accounts SEC Rules and Regulations Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Section 3(a)(35) – Definitions and Application of Title – “Investment Discretion” Regulation S-P – Privacy of Consumer Financial Information and Safeguarding Personal Information Cboe Rule 9.4 – Discretionary Accounts 2.3 Makes reasonable efforts to obtain customer investment profile information including, but not limited to, the customer's other security holdings, financial situation and needs, tax status and investment objectives Knowledge of: Essential facts regarding customers and customer relationships Financial factors relevant to assessing a customers investment profile Security holdings, other assets and liabilities, annual income, net worth, tax considerations Other considerations (e.g., age, marital status, dependents, employment, investment experience, home ownership and financing, employee stock options, insurance, liquidity needs) Investment objectives (e.g., preservation of capital, income, growth, speculation) Reasonable-basis suitability, customer-specific suitability and quantitative suitability Investment strategies and recommendations to hold Verification of investor accreditation and sophistication FINRA Rules 2111 – Suitability 2214 – Requirements for the Use of Investment Analysis Tools MSRB Rule G-19 – Suitability of Recommendations and Transactions 2.4 Obtains supervisory approvals required to open accounts Knowledge of: Required review, approvals and documentation for account opening and maintenance Physical receipt, delivery and safeguarding of cash or cash equivalents, checks and securities Circumstances for refusing or restricting activity in an account or closing accounts FINRA Rules 3110 – Supervision 3120 – Supervisory Control System Cboe Rule 9.2 – Supervision of Accounts MSRB Rule G-27 – Supervision Function 3: Provides Customers with Information About Investments, Makes Suitable Recommendations, Transfers Assets and Maintains Appropriate Records 3.1 Provides customers with information about investment strategies, risks and rewards, and communicates relevant market, investment and research data to customers Knowledge of: Customer-specific factors that generally affect the selection of securities (i.e., customers investment profile, including the customers risk tolerance, investment time horizon and investment objectives, liquidity needs) Portfolio or account analysis and its application to security selection (e.g., diversification, asset allocation principles, concentration, volatility, potential tax ramifications) Portfolio theory (e.g., alpha and beta considerations, Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)) Delivery of annual reports and notices of corporate actions (e.g., dividends, splits, odd lot tenders) Fundamental analysis of financial statements and types of financial statements included in an annual report, importance of footnotes, material risk disclosures and key terms (e.g., assets, liabilities, capital, cash flow, income, earnings per share (EPS), book value, shareholders' equity, depreciation, depletion, goodwill) Balance sheet and methods of inventory valuation: last-in, first out (LIFO), first-in, first-out (FIFO) and methods of depreciation Income statement and calculations derived from an income statement: earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT); earnings before taxes (EBT); net profit; and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) Principal tools to measure financial health Liquidity: working capital, current ratio, quick assets, acid test ratio Risk of bankruptcy: bond ratio, debt-to-equity ratio Efficient use of assets: inventory turnover ratio, cash flow Profitability: margin-of-profit ratio, net profit ratio, asset coverage and safety of income (i.e., net asset value (NAV) per bond, bond interest coverage, book value per share) EPS: fully diluted EPS, price-earnings (P/E) ratio, dividend payout ratio, current yield Competitiveness (comparative performance): return on common equity SEC Rules and Regulations Securities Exchange Act of 1934 14e-3 – Transactions in Securities on the Basis of Material, Nonpublic Information in the Context of Tender Offers 14e-4 – Prohibited Transactions in Connection with Partial Tender Offers Cboe Rule 9.3 – Suitability of Recommendations 3.2 Reviews and analyzes customers' investment profiles and product options to determine suitable investment recommendations Knowledge of: Equity securities Types of stock (e.g., authorized, issued, outstanding, Treasury stock, stated value) Characteristics of common stock Rights of common stockholders (e.g., pre-emptive right, pro rata share of dividends, access to corporate books, voting power (statutory, cumulative, nonvoting), residual claims on corporate assets) Spinoffs Stock acquired through a consolidation or transfer Penny stocks and rules associated with penny stock transactions Characteristics of preferred stock Types of preferred stock (e.g., cumulative, non-cumulative, participating, nonparticipating, convertible, callable, adjustable-rate and variable-rate) Rights of preferred stockholders (e.g., preference upon corporate dissolution, dividend payment, conversions, sinking fund provisions) Rights and warrants: origination, exercise terms, relationship of subscription price to market price of underlying stock, anti-dilution agreement Electronic exchanges or auction markets (e.g., electronic communications networks (ECNs), over-thecounter (OTC), dark pools of liquidity) Types and characteristics of non-U.S. market securities (e.g., American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), corporate equity) Tax treatment of equity securities transactions Capital gains and losses, dividend distributions (qualified and non-qualified), wash sales, holding periods Determination of net long-term and short-term gains or losses When-issued securities, securities acquired through conversion Calculation of cost basis per share on: purchases, exchange of convertibles for common shares, stock dividends and stock rights, inherited or gifted securities Cost valuation: FIFO, LIFO, identified shares Packaged products Investment companies, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), unit investment trusts (UITs) Types of mutual funds: equity, fixed income, money market, interval Structure of investment companies (e.g., open-end and closed-end funds) Fund objectives (e.g., value, growth, income, balanced, international, sector, life cycle) Characteristics of: Open-end funds: e.g., NAV, forward pricing, offering price, exchange privileges within families of funds, fees and expenses: no load, load (front-end, back-end), distribution fees, management fees, nature of 12b-1 fees Closed-end funds: distributed in primary market at IPO price, traded in secondary market Sales practices (e.g., dollar-cost averaging (DCA), computing sales charge, breakpoints) Redemption (e.g., redemption price, payout or withdrawal plans, conversion privilege, restrictions, contingent deferred sales charge, tenders) Tax treatment of mutual funds Reinvestment of dividends and capital gain distributions Charges and expenses Variable life insurance/annuity contracts Characteristics and insurance features (e.g., minimum guarantees, death benefits, living benefits, riders) Separate accounts (e.g., purpose, management of portfolio, investment policies, performance of account) Valuation of a variable annuity contract (e.g., accumulation units, surrender value, annuitization units) Purchasing or exchanging variable annuities (e.g., immediate annuity, charges, fees, penalties, right of accumulation (ROA), waiver of premium) Annuitization: types of election, variable payout, assumed interest rate, relationship between assumed interest rate and actual rate of return Tax treatment of variable annuity contracts during accumulation period and annuity period and taxation at surrender of contract Real estate investment trusts (REITs) Structure (e.g., finite number of shares, distributed in primary market at IPO price, traded in secondary market, premiums and discounts to NAV) Types and characteristics (e.g., equity REIT, mortgage REIT, hybrid REIT) Tax treatment (e.g., dividends, capital gains, distributions) Direct participation programs (DPPs) General characteristics Structures (e.g., limited partnerships (e.g., roles and duties of general partners vs. limited partners), limited liability companies, corporations that have tax pass-through exemption from the IRS) Tax treatment (e.g., flow-through of income, expenses and tax liability, real estate depreciation, oil and gas tax advantages) Types of DPPs (e.g., real estate, oil and gas, small-cap debt and equity, business development companies (BDCs), equipment leasing) and their investment advantages, risks and tax implications Types of DPP offerings (i.e., private placements and public offerings) Evaluation of DPPs (e.g., economic soundness of the program, expertise of the general partner, basic objectives of the program; start-up costs, leverage and other revenue considerations) Options Listed options and their characteristics (e.g., contract specifications and adjustments, dividends, exercise/assignment, settlement date, opening and closing transactions, values (premium, intrinsic and time), volume, open interest, position limits, exercise limits) The Options Clearing Corporation (OCC) American-style and European-style Long-term Equity AnticiPation Securities (LEAPS) Basic strategies (e.g., covered writing and hedging for equity, index, foreign currency and yield-based options) Protective put for equity and index options Covered call and put writing for equity options Advanced strategies (e.g., spreads, straddles, combinations, uncovered writing) Long (debit) and short (credit) spreads Straddle/combination for equity and index options Uncovered (naked) call or put writing for equity, index and yield-based options Profit and loss calculations, break-even points, economics of positions Tax treatment of option transactions (equity, index, foreign currency, yield-based) Debt Securities Types of debt securities and money market instruments (e.g., corporate commercial paper, brokered CDs, Eurodollar bond, variable-rate preferreds) Characteristics: structure, risks and rewards, call provisions Structured products (e.g., equity-linked securities, exchange-traded notes (ETNs)) Types and characteristics of non-U.S. market securities (e.g., sovereign and corporate debt) Types of yields (e.g., coupon (nominal), current, yield to maturity (YTM), yield to call (YTC), yield to worst and discount yield, calculations and relationship to price) Bond ratings Tax implications of taxable debt securities, including original issue discount (OID) rules, interest, principal, premiums, discounts, and capital gains and losses Corporate bonds Types of corporate bonds (e.g., mortgage bonds, equipment trust certificates, debentures, step coupon bonds, zero-coupon bonds, convertible bonds, high-yield bonds, income bonds) and their characteristics Convertible bonds: general characteristics, (e.g., conversion privilege, fixed versus variable, conversion ratio or price, calculation of parity price of underlying security, arbitrage, factors influencing conversion) Municipal securities General characteristics of municipal fund securities, method of quotations (e.g., yield/basis price, dollar price), interest rate, payment periods, denominations, diversity of maturities (e.g., serial, term) and legal opinion (purpose and contents) Analysis and diversification of municipal investments: geographical, type and rating Analysis of general obligation (GO) bonds, including: characteristics of the issuer, nature of the issuers debt, factors affecting the issuers ability to pay, municipal debt ratios Analysis of revenue bonds, including feasibility studies, sources of revenue, security (protective covenants of bond indenture), financial reports and outside audits, restrictions on the issuance of additional bonds, flow of funds, earnings coverage, sources of credit information, rating services, credit enhancements Purpose and characteristics of specific types of municipal securities: Types of municipal bonds (e.g., GO bonds, limited tax GO bonds and notes, revenue bonds, short-term municipal obligations (e.g., tax anticipation notes (TANs), bond anticipation notes (BANs), revenue anticipation notes (RANs), tax-exempt commercial paper, grant anticipation notes (GANs), tax and revenue anticipation notes (TRANs))) Special tax, special assessment, moral obligation, advance or pre-refunded, double-barreled, taxable (e.g., Build America bonds), OIDs, zero-coupon (capital appreciation) bonds, certificates of participation (COPs), alternative minimum tax (AMT), lease revenue, variable rate securities, auction rate securities Municipal fund securities including 529 college savings plans, local government investment pools (LGIPs), ABLE accounts (e.g., change in beneficiary, rollovers, ownership, tax consequences of unqualified withdrawals) Call features (e.g., par or premium, optional, mandatory, partial call, sinking fund, extraordinary calls, make whole calls), advantages/disadvantages to issuers and investors Put or tender options Refunding methods: direct exchange versus sale of new issue, advance refunding, refunding at call dates/current refunding, escrowed to maturity, crossover refunding Factors affecting the marketability of municipal bonds: rating, maturity, call features, interest (coupon) rate, block size, liquidity (ability to sell the bond in the secondary market), dollar/yield price, issuer name (local or national reputation), credit enhancement, credit and liquidity support, denominations Pricing of municipal securities and other mathematical calculations: dollar price, accrued interest (regular coupon, odd first coupon), computations of accrued interest (30/360), amortization of premium, accretion of discount, relationship of bond prices to changes in maturity, coupon, various yield calculations (taxable equivalent yield, net yield after capital gains tax, current yield, YTC on premium bonds) value of basis point, in default, Tax treatment of municipal securities: securities bought at a discount or premium in the secondary market, OID, federal income tax status, state and local tax status, computation of taxable equivalent yield, accrued interest, AMT, bonds, taxable bonds, bank qualified bonds Registered hedge funds and fund of funds Structure (e.g., private placements, registered, exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, blind pool/ blank check) Characteristics (e.g., limited or no liquidity, limited available information, lock-up provisions, charges and expenses, tangible assets, wide array of investment styles, models and vehicles) Tax treatment of distributions Asset-backed securities Collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs) Collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) Characteristics (e.g., indenture, maturities, form of ownership, interest payment periods, call and put features, calculation of accrued interest, and specific characteristics (e.g., maturity, type of collateral, priority of claim, call provisions)) U.S. Treasury securities Treasury bills, notes, bonds Treasury receipts (Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal Securities (STRIPS)/zero-coupon) Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS) Characteristics (e.g., types, maturities, denominations, payment of interest) U.S. government agency securities Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC) Student Loan Marketing Association (SLMA) Characteristics: types, maturities, denominations, primary dealers, distribution, issue form, quotations, passthrough, calculating a spread, pricing, payment of interest and principal FINRA Rules 2114 – Recommendations to Customers in OTC Equity Securities 2121 – Fair Prices and Commissions 2122 – Charges for Services Performed 2124 – Net Transactions with Customers 2310 – Direct Participation Programs 2320 – Variable Contracts of an Insurance Company 2341 – Investment Company Securities 2350 Series – Trading in Index Warrants, Currency Index Warrants, and Currency Warrants 4210(f)(2) – Definitions Related to Options, Currency Warrants, Currency Index Warrants and Stock Index Warrant Transactions SEC Rules and Regulations Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Section 9(a) – Prohibition Against Manipulation of Security Prices (Transactions Relating to Purchase or Sale of Security) Exemption of Certain Issuers from Section 15(D) of the Act 3a51-1 – Definition of "Penny Stock" 15g-1 – Exemptions for Certain Transactions 15g-2 – Penny Stock Disclosure Document Relating to the Penny Stock Market 15g-5 – Disclosure of Compensation of Associated Persons in Connection with Penny Stock Transactions 15g-9 – Sales Practice Requirements for Certain Low-priced Securities Investment Company Act of 1940 Section 2(a) – General Definitions Section 10 – Affiliations or Interest of Directors, Officers and Employees Section 12(a) – Functions and Activities of Investment Companies (Purchase of Securities on Margin; Joint Trading Accounts; Short Sales of Securities; Exceptions) Section 13(a) – Changes in Investment Policy (Prohibited Actions for Registered Investment Companies) Section 15(a) – Investment Advisory and Underwriting Contracts (Written Contract to Serve or Act as Investment Adviser; Contents) Section 16(a) – Changes in Board of Directors; Provisions Relative to Strict Trusts (Election of Directors) Section 17(a) – Transactions of Certain Affiliated Persons and Underwriters (Prohibited Transactions) Section 18 – Capital Structure Section 19 – Dividends Section 22 – Distribution, Redemption, and Repurchase of Redeemable Securities Section 23 – Distribution and Repurchase of Securities: Closed-end Companies Section 30 – Periodic and Other Reports; Reports of Affiliated Persons Section 35 – Unlawful Representations and Names Section 36 – Breach of Fiduciary Duty Section 37 – Larceny and Embezzlement 12b-1 – Distribution of Shares by Registered Open-end Management Investment Company Cboe Rules 1.1 – Definitions 4.5 (f) – Long-term Equity Option Series (LEAPS®) 4.6 – Adjustments 6.20 (e) – Exercise of American-style Index Options 6.21 – Allocation of Exercise Notices 8.1 – Just and Equitable Principles of Trade 8.3 – Position Limits 8.31 – Position Limits for Broad-based Index Options 8.32 – Position Limits for Industry Index Options 8.41– Position Limits — Interest Rate Options 8.42 (b) – Exercise Limits — Index Options 8.42 (f) – Exercise Limits — Interest Rate Options 11.1 – Exercise of Option Contracts MSRB Rules D-12 – Definition of Municipal Fund Securities G-13 – Quotations Related to Municipal Securities G-17 – Conduct of Municipal Securities Activities G-30 – Prices and Commissions G-45 – Reporting of Information on Municipal Fund Securities Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) REIT Modernization Act of 1999 Internal Revenue Code 301 – Distributions of Property 316 – Dividend Defined 856 – Definition of Real Estate Investment Trust 858 – Dividends Paid by Real Estate Investment Trust After Close of Tax Year 1035 – Certain exchanges of Insurance Policies 1091 – Loss from Wash Sales of Stock or Securities 1233 – Gains and Losses from Short Sales 1256 – Contracts Marked to Market 3.3 Provides appropriate disclosures regarding investment products and their characteristics, risks, services and expenses Knowledge of: Required disclosures on specific transactions (e.g., material aspects of investments, statement of additional information, material events, control relationships) Types of investment risk (e.g., call, systematic and nonsystematic, reinvestment, timing) Types of investment returns (e.g., tax-exempt interest, return of capital) Costs and fees associated with investments (e.g., markups, commissions, net transactions, share classes, non-discretionary fee-based accounts, surrender charges, 12b-1 fees, mortality and expense charges in variable products, soft dollar arrangements) Tax considerations (e.g., unification of gift and estate taxes, lifetime exclusion, annual gift limit, taxation of securities received as a gift, inheritance of securities) Market analysis considerations (e.g., market sentiment, market indexes, options volatility, put/call ratio, market momentum, available funds, trading volume, short interest, index futures) Market analysis considerations for municipal securities, including Bond Buyer indexes (e.g., 11 GO Bonds Index, Municipal Bond Index (40 Bond), 20 GO Bonds Index) Technical analysis of basic chart patterns and key terms (e.g., trend lines, saucer/inverted saucer, headand-shoulders/inverted head-and-shoulders, breakouts, resistance/support levels, moving averages, consolidation, stabilization, overbought and oversold) Disclosure of material events effecting retail sales of municipal bonds FINRA Rule 2165 – Financial Exploitation of Specified Adults SEC Rules and Regulations Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Section 28(e) – Effect on Existing Law (Exchange, Broker, and Dealer Commissions; Brokerage and Research Services) Internal Revenue Code 2503 – Taxable Gifts 3.4 Communicates with customers about account information, processes requests and retains documentation Knowledge of: Customer confirmations and statements, including: components, timing, mailings to third parties, and exceptions Account value, profits and losses, realized and unrealized Withdrawals and tenders Customer account records (e.g., updating for change of address, sending required notifications, investment objectives) Transferring accounts between broker-dealers (e.g., Automated Customer Account Transfer Service (ACATS), transfer agent and procedures) Books and records retention requirements Account closure procedures FINRA Rules 409T – Statements of Accounts to Customers 2231 – Customer Account Statements 2232 – Customer Confirmations 2273 – Educational Communication Related to Recruitment Practices and Account Transfers 4510 – Books and Records Requirements 11870 – Customer Account Transfer Contracts SEC Rules and Regulations Securities Exchange Act of 1934 10b-10 – Confirmation of Transactions 15g-6 – Account Statements for Penny Stock Customers 17a-4 – Records To Be Preserved by Certain Exchange Members, Brokers and Dealers Regulation FD – Disclosure Requirements Cboe Rules 6.1 – Reporting duties 7.1 – Maintenance, Retention and Furnishing of Books, Records and Other Information 7.2 – Reports of Uncovered Short Positions 7.3 – Financial Reports 7.4 – Audits 7.5 – Automated Submission of Trading Data 7.7 – Risk Analysis of Market-maker Accounts 7.8 – Risk Analysis of Portfolio Margin Accounts 7.9 – Regulatory Cooperation 9.5 – Confirmation to Customers 9.6 – Statements of Accounts to Customers 9.14 – Transfer of Accounts MSRB Rules G-8 – Books and Records To Be Made by Brokers, Dealers, and Municipal Securities Dealers and Municipal Advisors G-9 – Preservation of Records G-15 – Confirmation, Clearance, Settlement and Other Uniform Practice Requirements with Respect to Transactions with Customers G-26 – Customer Account Transfers Function 4: Obtains and Verifies Customers Purchase and Sales Instructions and Agreements; Processes, Completes and Confirms Transactions 4.1 Provides current quotes Knowledge of: Orders, offerings and transactions in customer accounts (e.g., at advertised yield) Trade execution activities Types of securities quotes (e.g., firm, subject) Types of orders (e.g., all-or-none (AON), fill-or-kill (FOK), immediate-or-cancel (IOC), not-held, market-onclose (MOC), spread, straddle) Short sale requirements and strategies (e.g., order marking, locate, borrow and delivery, speculation, hedging, arbitrage) Securities lending (e.g., hard to borrow, fail to deliver) Best execution obligations FINRA Rules 4320 – Short Sale Delivery Requirements 4551 – Requirements for Alternative Trading Systems to Record and Transmit Order and Execution Information for Security Futures 5210 – Publication of Transactions and Quotations 5220 – Offers and Stated Prices 5260 – Prohibition on Transactions, Publication of Quotations, or Publication of Indications of Interest During Trading Halts 5290 – Order Entry and Execution Practices 5310 – Best Execution and Interpositioning 6100 Series – Quoting and Trading in NMS stocks 6110 – Trading Otherwise than on an Exchange 6120 – Trading Halts 6121 – Trading Halts Due to Extraordinary Market Volatility 6130 – Transactions Related to Initial Public Offerings 6400 Series – Quoting and Trading in OTC Equity Securities 6500 Series – OTC Bulletin Board® Service 6600 Series – OTC Reporting Facility 11860 – COD Orders SEC Rules and Regulations Securities Exchange Act of 1934 15c2-7 – Identification of Quotations 15c2-11 – Initiation or Resumption of Quotations Without Specified Information 15g-3 – Broker or Dealer Disclosure of Quotations and Other Information Relating to the Penny Stock Market 15g-4 – Disclosure of Compensation to Brokers or Dealers Regulation ATS – Alternative Trading Systems Regulation SHO – Regulation of Short Sales Cboe Rules 5.33 – Certain Types of Orders Defined 5.7 – Required Order Information NYSE Rules 7.12 – Trading Halts Due to Extraordinary Market Volatility 7.31 – Orders and Modifiers 7.35 Series – Auctions 7.37 – Order Execution and Routing 54 – Dealings on the Floor-persons 64 -- Bonds, Rights and 100-Share-Unit Stocks 71 – Precedence of Highest Bid and Lowest Offer 72(d) – Priority of Cross Transactions and Supplemental Material .10 – Definition of a Block 74 – Publicity of Bids and Offers 75 – Disputes as to Bids and Offers 76 – “Crossing” Orders 77 – Prohibited Dealings and Activities 80B – Trading Halts Due to Extraordinary Market Volatility 104 – Dealings and Responsibilities of DMMs 123A – Miscellaneous Requirements 123D(d) – Initial Listing Regulatory Halt 127 – Block Crosses Outside of the Prevailing NYSE Quotation 1000 – Automatic Executions 1001 – Execution of Automatically Executing Orders 1002 – Availability of Automatic Execution Feature 1004 – Election of Buy Minus Zero Plus Orders 4.2 Processes and confirms customers transactions pursuant to regulatory requirements and informs customers of delivery obligations and settlement procedures Knowledge of: Information required on an order ticket (e.g., symbol, account number, price) Market making activities: role and functions of the designated market maker, listing requirements, limitations on trading during significant market declines, principal transactions, agency transactions, quotations (e.g., firm, subject or otherwise qualified, bid wanted, offer wanted, size obligations), SEC order handling rules, transaction reporting Use of automated execution systems Regulatory reporting requirements (e.g., Order Audit Trail System (OATS), Trade Reporting and Compliance Engine (TRACE), Electronic Municipal Market Access (EMMA), trade reporting facility (TRF), Real-Time Transaction Reporting System (RTRS)) Delivery requirements Good delivery (e.g., certificates in possession of the seller, certificates in the name of two persons, deceased owner, stock or bond powers, mutilated certificates, due bills, DVP/RVP, book entry securities, stock certificate, endorsements, denominations, bearer, registrar, registered, Direct Registration System (DRS)) Settlement of transactions (e.g., security-specific requirements, when-, as- and if-issued, ex-rights, exdividends, due bill checks, negotiated settlements, option exercise/assignment, dont know (DK), extensions) FINRA Rules 5330 – Adjustment of Orders 6000 Series – Quotation, Order, and Transaction Reporting Facilities 6140 – Other Trading Practices 6700 Series – Trade Reporting and Compliance Engine 7000 Series – Clearing, Transactions and Order Data Requirements, and Facility Charges 11000 Series – Uniform Practice Code SEC Rules and Regulations Securities Exchange Act of 1934 15c6-1 – Settlement Cycle Cboe Rules 6.20 – Exercise of Options Contracts 6.21 – Allocation of Exercise Notices 6.22 – Delivery and Payment MSRB Rules G-12 – Uniform Practice G-14 – Reports of Sales or Purchases Nasdaq Stock Market Rules 4600 Series – Requirements for Nasdaq Market Makers and Other Nasdaq Market Center Participants 4750 Series – Nasdaq Market Center-Execution Services NYSE Rules 63 – “When Issued”— “When Distributed” 130 Series – Comparison and Exchange of Contracts 133 – Comparison—Non-cleared Transactions 135 – Differences and Omissions—Cleared Transactions (“DKs”) 136 – Comparison—Transactions Excluded from a Clearance 4.3 Informs the appropriate supervisor and assists in the resolution of discrepancies, disputes, errors and complaints Knowledge of: Erroneous reports, errors, cancels and rebills Requirements for addressing customer complaints and consequences of improper handling of complaints Methods of formal resolution (e.g., arbitration, mediation, litigation) Form U4 reporting requirements FINRA Rules 4513 – Records of Written Customer Complaints 4530 – Reporting Requirements 8000 Series – Investigations and Sanctions 11892 – Clearly Erroneous Transactions in Exchange-listed Securities 11893 – Clearly Erroneous Transactions in OTC Equity Securities 12000 Series – Code of Arbitration Procedure for Customer Disputes 13000 Series – Code of Arbitration Procedure for Industry Disputes 14000 Series – Code of Mediation Procedure Cboe Rules 5.11 – Price Binding Despite Erroneous Report 9.17 – Customer Complaints 4.4 Addresses margin issues Knowledge of: Requirements and characteristics of margin accounts (e.g., minimums, approvals, ineligible accounts, eligible/ineligible securities), and required disclosures (e.g., interest rate disclosure and hypothecation) Product or strategy specific requirements (e.g., Treasury securities, mutual funds) Calculations in margin accounts (e.g., long and/or short positions) Initial margin: long market value, short market value, debit balance, credit balance, initial Regulation T margin requirement on long or short positions, Regulation T requirement for established accounts, loan value, excess equity, buying power of deposited securities Maintenance: additional purchases, sales (long or short), cash withdrawals, stock withdrawals, simultaneous purchases and sales, restrictions, liquidation to meet a margin/maintenance call, deposit of cash or securities required to meet a margin or maintenance call Special memorandum account (SMA): balance, buying power, prohibited use of SMA, effect of excess equity, deposit of marginable securities, receipt of cash dividends and earned interest, liquidation of securities in the account, cash or securities withdrawals, new margin securities purchased or sold short Other margin accounts (e.g., portfolio margin, day trading) FINRA Rules 2264 – Margin Disclosure Statement 4210 – Margin Requirements Cboe Rules 10.1 – General Rules 10.2 – Time Margin Must Be Obtained 10.3 – Margin Requirements 10.4 – Portfolio Margin 10.5 – Determination of Value for Margin Purposes 10.6 – "When Issued" and "When Distributed" Securities 10.7 – Guaranteed Accounts 10.8 – Meeting Margin Calls by Liquidation Prohibited 10.9 – Margin Required Is Minimum 10.10 – Compliance with Margin Requirements of New York Stock Exchange 10.11 – Daily Margin Record Federal Reserve Regulation T – Credit by Brokers and Dealers | ||||||||
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| Series7 Dumps Series7 Braindumps Series7 Real Questions Series7 Practice Test Series7 dumps free Business-Tests Series7 General Securities Representative Series 7 http://killexams.com/pass4sure/exam-detail/Series7 Question: 990 Judging by a clients trading pattern, you have a very strongsuspicion that he is trading on inside information. You should A. C. contact FINRand send it supporting documentation B. contact the SEC and send it supporting documentation C. contact FINRA and send it supporting documentation D. all of the above Answer: A Explanation: If you suspect that one of your clients is using inside information, you must immediately inform a principal. Any further action will be decided by your firm. The Insider Trading and Securities Fraud Enforcement Act of 1988 requires all broker-dealers to have written supervisory procedures that address insider information. Question: 991 The CEO of OEC Corporation tells his lifelong friend that OECwill be announcing an acquisition of COE, Inc., the following week.The friend acts on this knowledge and purchases shares of COE and A. the CEO B. the lifelong friend C. both the CEO and the lifelong friend D. neither the CEO nor the lifelong friend Answer: C Explanation: Because the friend used the inside information (information not yet released to the public), both the CEO and the friend violated insider trading rules. Question: 992 All of the following are violations EXCEPT A. matching orders B. freeriding C. commingling D. hypothecating Answer: D Explanation: Hypothecating isnt a violation. Hypothecation takes place when a brokerage firm lends money to a customer to purchase securities in a margin account. Question: 993 Which of the following regulatory organizations has the authorityto punish registered representatives for rule violations?I. SECII. FINRAIII. NYSEIV. MSRB A. I only B. I and II C. I, II, and III D. I, II, III, and IV Answer: C Explanation: The SEC has the authority to punish individuals inside or outside of the brokerage industry. The NYSE and FINRA may penalize an individual within the industry. However, because the MSRB doesnt enforce MSRB rules, the MSRB may not punish any individual for rules violations. Question: 994 Which of the following is TRUE about SIPC? A. It is an agency of the U.S. government. B. Investment advisers are required to be members of SIPC. C. D. SIPfunding is made by member assessments D. SIPC funding is made by member assessments Answer: D Explanation: SIPC (Securities Investor Protection Corporation) is funded by annual fees paid by brokerage firms. SIPC isnt a U.S. government agency. Banks and investment advisers arent required to purchase SIPC insurance. Question: 995 Mike Nugent and his wife, Mary, have individual accounts withABCDE broker-dealer. Along with their individual accounts, they alsohave a joint account with rights of survivorship. Mikes individualaccount has $200,000 of stock, $50,000 of bonds, and $200,000 ofcash. Marys individual account has $100,000 of stock and $400,000of cash. In the joint account, Mike and Mary have $100,000 of stock,$350,000 of bonds, and $200,000 of cash. If ABCDE declaresbankruptcy, what would be the maximum SIPC coverage for all theaccounts? A. $950,000 B. $1,300,000 C. $1,350,000 D. $1,850,000 Answer: B Explanation: SIPC (Securities Investor Protection Corporation) covers each separate customer account up to $500,000, of which no more than $250,000 can be cash. So in this case, Mikes account would be covered for $450,000 ($200,000 stock + $50,000 bonds + $200,000 cash), Marys account would be covered for $350,000 ($100,000 stock + $250,000 cash), and the joint account would be covered for $500,000 ($100,000 stock + $350,000 bonds + $50,000 cash). Added together, thats . Question: 996 SIPC protects each separate customer up to A. $500,000 in cash and securities with no more than $250,000 cash B. $500,000 in cash and securities with no more than $100,000 cash C. $400,000 in securities and $100,000 cash D. $500,000 in securities and an additional $250,000 cash Answer: A Explanation: SIPC (Securities Investor Protection Corporation) covers investors in the event of broker-dealer bankruptcy. SIPC covers each investor up to $500,000, of which no more than $250,000 can be cash. Question: 997 SIPC provides coverage for which of the following securities heldin a customers account? A. common stock B. municipal bonds C. REITs D. all of the above Answer: D Explanation: SIPC (Securities Investor Protection Corporation) provides coverage for all types of securities held in customer accounts. SIPC provides protection for customers in the event of broker-dealer bankruptcy. SIPC coverage covers each separate account up to $500,000, of which no more than $250,000 can be cash. Question: 998 You have a new client who is going to open an individual cashtime, he also wants to open a joint account with his wife, a jointaccount with his son, and a corporate account. How many separateaccounts is the investor covered for under SIPC? A. one B. two C. four D. five E. account and an individual margin account in his namAt the same Answer: C Explanation: The customer has a cash account and a margin account in his name, which counts as one separate customer according to SIPC. The joint account with his wife, the joint account with his son, and the corporate account are three other separate accounts. Question: 999 If an investor is not fully covered under SIPC, she becomes a(n)__________ of the bankrupt broker-dealer.1000. FDIC protects each bank account up to A. $100,000 B. $250,000 C. $500,000 D. $1,000,000 Answer: B Explanation: SIPC (Securities Investor Protection Corporation) protects each separate account only up to $500,000, of which no more than $250,000 can be cash. If the investor had more held in the account than would be covered by SIPC, she would become a general creditor of the firm for the remainder. Question: 1000 FDIC protects each bank account up to A. $100,000 B. $250,000 C. $500,000 D. $1,000,000 Answer: B Explanation: FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) covers each depositor up to $250,000 in the event of bank failure. Question: 1001 Which of the following protects a broker-dealer against fraud orembezzlement by employees? A. SIPC B. fidelity bond C. FDIC D. power of substitution Answer: B Explanation: A fidelity bond protects a firm against fraud or embezzlement by employees of the brokerage firm. SIPC protects customers against broker-dealer bankruptcy. 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(Un)principled Agents: Monitoring Loyalty after the End of the Royal African Company Monopoly
The revocation of the Royal African Company's monopoly in 1698 inaugurated a transformation of the transatlantic slave trade. While the RAC’s exit from the slave trade has received scholarly attention, little is known about the company’s response to the loss of its trading privileges. Not only did the end of the company's monopoly increase competition, but the unprecedented numbers of private traders who entered the trade exacerbated the company’s principal-agent problems on the West African coast. To analyze the company’s behavior in the post-monopoly period, we exploit a series of 292 instruction letters that the RAC issued to its slave-ship captains between 1685 and 1706, coding each individual command in the letters. Our database reveals two new insights into the company’s response to its upended competitive landscape. First, the RAC showed a remarkable degree of organizational flexibility, reacting to a heightened principal-agent problem. Second, its response was facilitated by the infrastructure of the transatlantic slave trade, which gave the company a monitoring mechanism by virtue of the slave-ship captains who continually sailed to the West African coast. LALIGA—From a Soccer Competition Organizer to a Global Player in the Sports and Entertainment Industry
LALIGA, the first- and second-tier professional soccer league (known as “football” outside of the U.S. and Canada) in Spain, enters its 100th soccer season later this decade. The most popular game in the world (Giulianotti, 2012) has gone through many changes since LALIGA began play in 1929 (O’Brien, 2022). Therefore, the purpose of this Working Paper is to describe the development of LALIGA since its initiation in 1929. However, the emphasis of the paper is to explore and analyze LALIGA’s evolution towards becoming an influential global business and brand in the contemporary world of the business of sports. Expansion, progress and improved sporting and commercial maturity go hand in hand with the recognized achievements observed by the league’s local, regional, national, and global fan bases. Soccer fans from every corner of the globe are aware of the accomplishments made on the pitch by the league’s globally recognized competitive powerhouses, Real Madrid and FC Barcelona. Yet, these triumphs are complemented by off-the-pitch strategies and corporate ideas and actions, which have transformed LALIGA into a global organization with more than seven hundred employees spread all around the world. Consequently, LALIGA is positioned to take its next steps as a key player in the competitive industry and business of sports and entertainment. With a global presence covering offices and delegations in 41 countries. LALIGA has applied different strategies to boost growth in its main revenue stream (broadcasting rights), to nurture and grow its fanbase in Spain and abroad, and to evolve its product range and brand equity in order to overcome new challenges in the fast-changing and competitive sports entertainment nexus. In total, LALIGA’s international efforts span 90 countries, including 11 offices in key locations and three joint ventures in the United States, in China, and in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)—LALIGA’s top-priority markets overseas. In addition, LALIGA has strived to Boost its digitalization efforts and to implement new technologies in various phases of its value chain (competition management, fan engagement and content enhancement) while diversifying its business offerings and value proposition. Thus, LALIGA is cognizant about building future-proof financial “fitness” via generating new revenue streams intended to help expand its branding footprint globally. As an entity representing 42 teams in the first and second divisions, LALIGA has recently signed and negotiated “Boost LALIGA,” a €1.994 billion capital injection in the Spanish soccer ecosystem from the investment fund CVC. The investment aims to “soften” the negative economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, but mainly to accelerate corporate growth in the league and its clubs, by providing the respective soccer clubs resources to invest in such areas as soccer infrastructure, digitalization, and international development. Deep Responsibility and Irresponsibility in the Beauty Industry
This article employs the concept of deep responsibility to assess the social responsibility of the beauty industry over time. It shows that many of today’s problems with the industry have deep historical roots. Products have too many ingredients that are potential health hazards. Exaggerated claims have been made to all consumers and ideals of beauty that are very restrictive have damaged the self-esteem of more vulnerable consumers. The environmental impact of the industry has been highly negative. The article shows how the beauty industry has done more harm than good within the communities it addresses. Alternative and more responsible behavior has existed in the past in the industry and it is argued that this type of behavior needs to become the norm once again. Jones, Geoffrey. "Deep Responsibility and Irresponsibility in the Beauty Industry." Entreprises et histoire 111, no. 2 (July 2023): 113–125. Point Four and the Politics of Foreign Direct Investment in the United States during the Early Cold WarBy: Melanie Sheehan
This article traces business influence in the formulation of the Point Four technical assistance program, the first US Cold War-era international development program. It focuses specifically on business interest associations’ efforts to secure federal incentives to promote foreign direct investment (FDI) in Asia, Latin America, and Africa. Business leaders and their government allies described FDI as the most effective means to promote international development, support European recovery, and encourage strategic minerals production after the Marshall Plan. Ultimately, business interest associations secured tax advantages and government-backed insurance for foreign investments because such measures served the interests of the US government in the context of European balance of payments deficits and the Korean War. Intent on promoting international development as a Cold War strategy, the Truman administration and Congress preferred private means to large-scale foreign aid appropriations. Business power thus stemmed from government leaders’ appraisal of the ways in which private business could fulfill state objectives. Doing Business in Lima, Peru
This case examines the challenges and opportunities of doing business in Peru. It highlights Peru's economic transformation in the decades leading up to 2023 in the context of its history, culture, and politics. The case gives an overview of some of the main obstacles faced by businesses operating in the country, contrasting these with the efforts undertaken by the government to Boost the country's business climate. This is illustrated through the discussion of a fictional business dilemma. Deeply Responsible Business: A Global History of Values-Driven Leadership
Corporate social responsibility has entered the mainstream, but what does it take to run a successful purpose-driven business? This book examines leaders who put values alongside profits to showcase the challenges and upside of deeply responsible business. Should business leaders play a role in solving society’s problems? For decades, CEOs have been told that their only responsibility is to the bottom line. But consensus is growing that companies―and their leaders―must engage with their social, political, and environmental contexts. Jones distinguishes deep responsibility, which can deliver radical social and ecological responses, from corporate social responsibility, which is often little more than window dressing. Deeply Responsible Business provides a historical perspective on the social responsibility of business, going back to the Quaker capitalism of George Cadbury and the worker solidarity of Edward Filene and carrying us through to impact investing and the B-corps. Jones profiles exemplary business leaders from around the world who combined profits with social purpose to confront inequality, inner-city blight, and ecological degradation, while navigating restrictive laws and authoritarian regimes.
The business leaders profiled in this book were motivated by bedrock values and sometimes driven by faith. They chose to operate in socially productive fields, interacted with humility with stakeholders, and felt a duty to support their communities. While far from perfect, each one showed that profit and purpose could be reconciled. Many of their businesses were wildly successful―though financial success was not their only metric of achievement. As many companies seek to coopt more ethically sensitized consumers, Jones gives us a new perspective to tackle tough questions and envisions a future in which companies and entrepreneurs can play a key role in healing our communities and protecting the natural world. Doing Business in Kigali, Rwanda
This case examines the challenges and opportunities of doing business in Rwanda. It highlights Rwanda's economic transformation in the decades leading up to 2023 in the context of its history, culture, and politics. The case gives an overview of some of the main obstacles faced by businesses operating in the country, high transportation costs, some of the most expensive electricity tariffs in sub-Saharan Africa and high levels of government bureaucracy, contrasting these with the efforts undertaken by the government to Boost the country's business climate. This is illustrated through the discussion of a business dilemma in which e-mobility startup Ampersand has to assess the extent to which Rwanda's high openness could mean a high threat of competition or plenty of opportunities for growth partnerships. Doing Business in Buenos Aires, Argentina
This case examines the challenges and opportunities of doing business in Argentina. It highlights Argentina's economic transformation in the decades leading up to 2023 in the context of its history, culture, and politics. The case gives an overview of some of the main obstacles faced by businesses operating in the country, contrasting these with the efforts undertaken by the government to Boost the country's business climate. This is illustrated through the discussion of a business dilemma in which Forever 21 attempts to launch its first store in Buenos Aires. Doing Business in Boston, Massachusetts
This case examines the challenges and opportunities of doing business in Boston, Massachusetts while giving a broad history of the city and surrounding area. Doing Business in Accra, Ghana
This case examines the challenges and opportunities of doing business in Ghana. It highlights Ghana economic transformation in the decades leading up to 2023 in the context of its history, culture, and politics. The case gives an overview of some of the main obstacles faced by businesses operating in the country, such as complexity of doing business, slow legal proceedings, limited access to funding, a slow growing manufacturing sector, a large informal sector and changing regulatory environment, contrasting these with the efforts undertaken by the government to Boost the country's business climate. This is illustrated through the discussion of a business dilemma in which an entrepreneur is considering setting up a chocolate manufacturing business in Ghana. Based in Ottawa, Canada, Chris Wolski started writing professionally for non-governmental organizations in 2007. He has written communications material for marketing firms and small businesses, and he has published articles for various websites. Wolski received a national coaching certification in 2001 and a Master of Arts in political science from York University in 2007. Manufacturer's Representative Definition: An independent sales agent who works on commission Manufacturer's representative or rep, manufacturer's broker and manufacturer's agent are all terms used to describe independent sales agents who work on commission. You don't pay them a salary, just a percentage of what they sell. Manufacturer's reps offer a practical, cost-effective alternative to a direct sales force for many growing companies. There are more than half a million reps in North America, most selling to targeted markets in select geographic regions. Reps know their markets well because they call on local buyers regularly and have established sound working relationships with them. Using manufacturer's reps can provide you with many of the benefits of having a satellite office in the location--including knowledge of local markets and rapid access to large accounts--without your incurring large fixed costs. With reps, sales costs are always a fixed percentage of sales. The downside is that reps typically handle many different products. Some may be complementary to yours; others may compete. A typical manufacturer's rep earns a 5-percent commission on sales, although that amount varies widely depending on the product, market and sales volume. If you're interested in learning more about manufacturer's reps, contact the Manufacturers' Agents National Association. As a former senior sales director with Mary Kay and the co-owner of a renovation company, Monica Patrick has firsthand knowledge of small business operations. Besides start ups, she has extensive skills in recruiting, selling, leadership, makeup artistry and skin care. We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here’s our process. Healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand behind. Our team thoroughly researches and evaluates the recommendations we make on our site. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we:
Was this helpful? We compared the best at-home STD tests available online and found that Everlywell offers users the best overall experience. Best at-home testsRegular testing for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is important for overall health and any necessary treatments. At-home tests can provide an accurate and convenient method for knowing your status. STDs and STIs are very common. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 1 million STIs are acquired daily worldwide. One reason for this is that contraceptive methods, such as condoms, aren’t always failproof. Overall, if you’re sexually active, you could contract an STI. Nowadays, there are dozens of at-home testing kits that may make getting tested easier. Here’s some information on quality at-home testing options, how to figure out what type is best for you, and when to contact a doctor. You can use this chart for a quick comparison of the tests in our roundup: There are a lot of factors to consider when choosing an at-home STD test, which is why we turned to the experts. Every product we recommend and brand we work with is thoroughly vetted by our team. If there are any lawsuits, recalls, or regulatory action letters documented about these products or companies, our vetting team makes sure they’re reported and listed. In addition to legalities, our team always checks for medical credibility, good business practices, privacy practices and security, social impact, and the validity of any health claims a brand makes about a product. At-home testing services are required to abide by telehealth standards in the following circumstances:
With dozens of at-home testing kits available, it can be hard to choose the right one. After all, what does a good at-home STD testing kit look like? What should it entail? What do you need? There’s no one-size-fits-all answer. Your needs will vary, depending on your situation and circumstances. Also, they may change over time. This chart can help you determine which type of test is right for you. If you think you’ll need help determining results from your at-home test, taking an in-office test may be preferable. It’s an immediate source of information, and an action plan can be created on-site in the case of a positive result. Also, be sure the test you choose is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To determine whether the FDA approves a product, you can check the FDA’s website. At-home STD tests arrive with all the tools needed to collect a sample, such as:
You might need to provide a blood or urine trial or perform a rectal, oral, or vaginal swab. It’s best to return the samples the same day you take them. The company then sends results through your online account, usually within 1 to 7 days. While every home STD testing service is different, most brands recommended here offer professional advice or support for studying test results at home. If you do a fully at-home STD test, there’s a risk you’ll misinterpret your results. Lab-based tests can also be difficult to interpret without a medical background. As such, it’s best to opt for a testing service where you have access to a healthcare professional who can discuss your results with you. They can help you interpret your results and advise on treatments and next steps. Talk with a healthcare professional if one of your partners has recently tested positive for an STD or STI or if you’re experiencing possible symptoms of an STI. The CDC recommends STD screenings from a healthcare professional in the following cases:
If you have an STI but are experiencing more or worsening symptoms, like genital discharge or urinary symptoms, contact a healthcare professional to further evaluate your symptoms. The CDC makes the following additional recommendations for screening:
Our roundup of at-home STD tests is a good starting point if you want to get tested without contacting a doctor. Depending on the test, you may need to visit a lab for collection. Every other part of the process, including the lab order, payment, and results, is done online. If you receive a positive test result, the testing kit company may offer a consultation with one of their doctors. During that consultation, you can discuss any next steps, such as further testing or treatment. At this point, it’s also a good idea to contact your primary care doctor to share your results. With both at-home and lab-direct tests, you’ll provide a sample. The samples may include blood, urine, anal, vaginal, or oral swabs. The samples are submitted to a lab, and results are shared discreetly. If you receive a positive STD result, contact your primary care clinician to discuss the best treatment option for you. Also, be prepared to notify any partners of the positive result. An at-home test may confirm whether you have an STD, but it’s important to contact your doctor if you have symptoms of a possible infection. These symptoms may include:
The CDC recommends that people ages 13 to 64 get tested for HIV at least once a year as part of their routine health checkup. The CDC also recommends that sexually active women younger than 25 years get tested for gonorrhea and chlamydia every year. In addition, the CDC suggests that pregnant people get tested for syphilis, hepatitis B, and HIV early in their pregnancy. Sexually active men who have sex with men may want to also get tested for syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea annually. If you experience symptoms at any time, don’t wait to get tested. The quicker you’re tested, the sooner you can begin treatment. Most modern STD tests are very accurate. Still, test accuracy can vary, depending on the type of trial and the test detection method. Traditional in-office tests are more accurate than fully online tests, and home-to-lab tests are more accurate than self-collected tests. But all are highly efficient. While in-office STD tests may be considered the most reliable, the at-home test kits on our list also have a reputation for being accurate. It’s important that you don’t rely on home testing in place of contacting your doctor if you have any possible symptoms of an STD or STI or have other important questions about your overall health. Most insurance plans cover the cost of STD tests, as these tests are considered preventive and covered under the Affordable Care Act. But whether your plan covers a specific STD test depends on several factors, including your:
Also, the coverage of at-home tests varies. To learn more about your specific options, talk with a nurse, a doctor, or your insurance company. You can also find free or low cost STD testing sites across the country. Testing for STDs and STIs regularly is important. Testing can help prevent the transmission of STIs. It can also help you get the appropriate treatment if you have a viral, bacterial, or fungal infection, as many STDs and STIs can be treated or cured. Contacting a doctor or other healthcare professional is generally the most reliable way to know whether you’ve contracted an STI or have an STD. But an at-home test is an excellent alternative. For many, an at-home test is a confidential and convenient option. Kimberly Zapata is a mother, writer, and mental health advocate. Her work has appeared on several sites, including The Washington Post, HuffPost, Oprah, Vice, Parents, Health, and Scary Mommy — to name a few. When her nose isn’t buried in work (or a good book), Kimberly spends her free time running Greater Than: Illness, a nonprofit organization that aims to empower children and young adults working through mental health conditions. Follow Kimberly on Facebook or Twitter. Kristeen Cherney is a freelance writer and PhD candidate who specializes in covering Topics related to mental disabilities, women’s health, skin health, diabetes, thyroid disease, asthma, and allergies. She’s also currently working on her dissertation, which explores intersections of disability studies and literacy studies. When she’s not researching or writing, Cherney enjoys getting outdoors as much as possible. She also practices yoga and kick-boxing. Clare Moore is the Head of Franchising at Tide Cleaners. getty The first time I heard the word “enneagram,” I thought, “Huh?” I’m sure some of you are thinking the same thing right now. But an enneagram is a word and concept worth becoming familiar with if you’re looking to sharpen your leadership and management skills. Actually, even if you see yourself as more of a follower — even if professional mattress tester would be your dream job — you’d probably still find enneagrams or personality tests in general worth your time. They’re fun, and they tell us a lot about who we are. An enneagram, for those who don’t already know, is a personality test. If you're familiar with the Myers-Briggs personality test (with groups such as ESJF, ESFJ and INFP), you'll love this. In a nutshell, an enneagram is thought of as a set of nine distinct personality types. You might have some or all of the nine personality types within you, but of the nine, one should really stand out. I won’t detail everything about the enneagram and why I like it so much; we’d be here all day. But you can find places online that will let you take the enneagram personality test for free, and of course, there are numerous other personality tests that you could engage in. I would encourage everyone, especially those who want to be business leaders, to take a personality test every so often. Why? I have a few reasons. Management is all about personalities. Yes, management is also about allocating resources, and it’s about utilizing time. You could argue that management is about a wide array of other issues, but if you’re a manager, you’re definitely working with different personalities. It can be daunting to get the cynic to be excited about an important project, and it may be tricky to convince the upbeat and optimistic individual to be a little more pragmatic in what can be accomplished with a short deadline — especially if your own personality doesn’t mesh well with some of the people you’re managing. But when you understand your own personality better, I believe that you’re going to have a much more pleasant time working with other people. There’s an old expression that it’s hard to see the picture when you’re inside the frame. Well, a personality test can give you a much better idea of what the picture around you looks like. Of course, if you can get your employees to take personality tests, all the better. But if you at least take your own, you’ll understand yourself better, and you may develop hunches about your co-workers’ personalities and what makes them tick. Personality tests can showcase your strengths — and weaknesses. You probably know a lot of your strengths, but it’s nonetheless validating to have a personality test showcase them. But we often don’t know our weaknesses, making us even more vulnerable. As you may notice with the enneagram, each distinct personality type has strengths but also pretty significant weaknesses, which makes sense. Nobody’s perfect. If you can find a personality test that you like and trust, as I have with the enneagram, you may find yourself more self-aware than you used to be. If suddenly you see that you’re an Individualist and can be, at times, temperamental or self-absorbed, or an Investigator who, if not careful, can be secretive and isolated, that may be quite the wake-up call. For the cynics studying this (you’re probably a Loyalist or Challenger), obviously, you need to think for yourself and not automatically assume that every personality test is right. But in my experience, personality tests often are extremely insightful. It’s insight that you often won’t pick up elsewhere at work. After all, your colleagues and employees may not always call out your weaknesses. They don’t want to rock the boat, or they may like you a lot and not want to hurt your feelings. They also may be nervous about possibly opening the door for you to tell them what you think are their flaws. But a personality test won’t hold back. It will tell you exactly what it thinks are your strengths and weaknesses. And that can be valuable information for a manager to have. And I don’t know about you, but I want to have all of the intel I can possibly have when leading a team. If I better understand how I think, and if I know my team well, then I’m going to understand more how we mesh or don’t gel, and then I can be more receptive to their needs and reassure them when times are tough. But then Peacemakers are like that. If you’re an Achiever or Enthusiast, information about the people you are leading may still be valuable to have, but you may feel that it’s helpful for different reasons. As we all know, information is everything in management, and it’s hard enough to lead. It’s even harder to know where to go and what to do when you don’t know who you really are. Forbes Business Council is the foremost growth and networking organization for business owners and leaders. Do I qualify? Hong Kong/Tokyo CNN — Daihatsu, the Japanese automaker owned by Toyota, has halted domestic production after admitting it forged the results of safety tests for its vehicles for more than 30 years. The brand, best known for manufacturing small passenger cars, has stopped output at all four of its Japanese factories as of Tuesday, including one at its headquarters in Osaka, a spokesperson told CNN. The shutdown will last through at least the end of January, affecting roughly 9,000 employees who work in domestic production, according to the representative. The move comes as Daihatsu grapples with a deepening safety scandal that Toyota says “has shaken the very foundations of the company.” Last week, Daihatsu announced an independent third-party committee had found evidence of tampering with safety tests on as many as 64 vehicle models, including those sold under the Toyota brand. As a result, Daihatsu said it would temporarily suspend all domestic and international vehicle shipments and consult with authorities on how to move forward. The scandal is another blow to the automaker, which had admitted in April to violating standards on crash tests on more than 88,000 cars, mostly sold under the Toyota brand in countries such as Malaysia and Thailand. In that case, “the inside lining of the front seat door was improperly modified” for some checks, while Daihatsu did not comply with regulatory requirements for certain side collision tests, it said in a statement at the time. In May, the automaker said it had discovered more wrongdoing, revealing that it had submitted incorrect data for collision tests on two hybrid electric vehicles. The company said at the time it had stopped shipping and selling those models. The latest probe further threatens the company’s reputation. According to a report released last Wednesday by the investigative committee, 174 more cases were found of Daihatsu manipulating data, making false statements or improperly tinkering with vehicles to pass safety certification tests. The oldest case was traced back to 1989, with a noted increase in the number of cases since 2014, the report said. Toyota shares dropped 4% in Tokyo last Thursday following the news. The stock has since pared some losses. In response, the Japanese behemoth has promised to shake up its subsidiary, saying in a statement last week that “fundamental reform is needed to revitalize Daihatsu.” “This will be an extremely significant task that cannot be accomplished overnight,” Toyota said, adding that it would require a sweeping review of management, operations, and how the unit was structured. “We recognize the extreme gravity of the fact that Daihatsu’s neglect of the certification process has shaken the very foundations of the company as an automobile manufacturer,” Toyota added. | ||||||||
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